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Q4 Vocabulary
Q4 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Light-Year | The distance that light travels in one year. |
| Astronomical Unit | A unit of distance equal to the average distance between Earth and the Sun. |
| Universe | All of space and everything in it. |
| Galaxy | A huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity. |
| Celestial Object | aggregation of matter in the universe |
| Star | A ball of hot gas, primarily hydrogen and helium that undergoes nuclear fusion. |
| Planet | An object that orbits a star, is big enough to have become round by its own gravity, and has cleared the area of its orbit. |
| Dwarf Planets | a celestial body resembling a small planet but lacking certain technical criteria that are required for it to be classed as such. |
| Moons | the natural satellite of a planet |
| Asteroids | a small rocky body orbiting the sun. |
| Comet | a celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun. |
| Telescopes | an optical instrument designed to make distant objects appear nearer, containing an arrangement of lenses, or of curved mirrors and lenses, by which rays of light are collected and focused and the resulting image magnified. |
| Spectra | a band of colors, as seen in a rainbow, produced by separation of the components of light by their different degrees of refraction according to wavelength. |
| Wavelength | the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave |
| Hertzsprung Russell Diagram | a two-dimensional graph, devised independently by Ejnar Hertzsprung |
| Big Bang Theory | theory of the evolution of the universe. |
| Absolute Brightness | The amount of light that reaches the Earth from a distant object. |
| Apparent Brightness | is the amount of light from a star (or from an object reflecting a star's light) that reaches Earth. |
| Sun | star around which Earth and the other components of the solar system revolve. |
| Sunspot | a spot or patch appearing from time to time on the sun's surface, appearing dark by contrast with its surroundings. |
| Solar Flare | an intense burst of radiation coming from the release of magnetic energy associated with sunspots. |
| Prominence | an eruption of incandescent gas from the sun's surface that can reach an altitude of several hundred thousand kilometres. |
| Corona | the rarefied gaseous envelope of the sun and other stars. |
| Photosphere | star's outer shell from which light is radiated. |
| Chromosphere | the second layer of a star's atmosphere, located above the photosphere and below the solar transition region and corona. |
| Radiative Zone | a layer of a star's interior where energy is primarily transported toward the exterior by means of radiative diffusion and thermal conduction, rather than by convection. |
| Convective Zone | a layer which is unstable due to convection. |
| Core | the part of something that is central to its existence or character. |
| Rotation | the action of rotating around an axis or center. |
| Revolution | an instance of revolving. |
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