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WGU C273 - Unit 5
Social Institutions and Social Change
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| religion | An organized system of spiritual beliefs and practices, usually offering a moral code and a worldview. |
| global warming | The increase of temperature on the earth's surface on a global scale. |
| infant mortality rate | A general measure of health. It is the number of children dying under one year of age, divided by the number of live births during the year, multiplied by 1,000 for a given region. |
| health | A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. |
| blended family | A family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships. |
| denomination | An independent branch of a larger church with members who might disagree with certain aspects of the church's teaching but who still subscribe to its main message. |
| patriarchy | A system in which men hold the power and women are excluded from power. |
| family violence | Emotional, physical, or sexual abuse between family members. |
| neolocality | The practice in most industrialized cultures when a married couple finds a new place to live that is not in the household of either set of their parents. |
| totemism | The belief that each person has a spiritual connection or kinship with animals or plants. |
| climate change | The phenomenon of changes in weather patterns on a global scale due to the increase of temperature on the earth's surface. |
| life expectancy | The average number of years a person born in a given country is expected to live if mortality rates at each age remain the same in the future. |
| matrilocal | The common practice in some cultures that involves living with or near the wife's parents. |
| nuclear family | A family composed of two parents and their children. |
| sustainable development | The development of technological and systemic changes that will meet current production demands without causing further damage to the environment. |
| crowd | A large number of people in close proximity who may or may not interact with each other. |
| church | A religious organization with its own doctrine, clergy, and central governing body. |
| pluralism | A worldview which accepts or values multiple religions coexisting in the same society. |
| social placement | The use of education to determine a person's social standing. |
| family | The fundamental and often first social group for an individual; a family frequently consists of biological relatives to the individual, but more generally, it has strong emotional ties to and is instrumental in raising children. |
| deforestation | The act of cutting down trees and reducing forests for the sake of industries such as logging and agriculture. |
| health care | A system to restore or maintain, especially by trained professionals, mental and physical well-being. |
| marriage | A social and legal union that usually involves economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing. |
| credential society | The use of educational achievements to determine who is eligible for jobs, even if the degree does not apply to the actual job. |
| cohabitation | An arrangement where two people living together are engaged in an intimate relationship but are not married. |
| extended family | A family that includes more members than just parents and children, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. |
| charismatic leader | Someone who inspires people within an organization because of his or her apparent extraordinary gifts or qualities. |
| polytheism | The worship of or belief in multiple gods. |
| sect | A subdivision of a larger religious group with members who usually share somewhat different beliefs from the dominant group. |
| ritual | A set of actions, often ceremonial in nature, performed mainly for their symbolic or religious value. |
| myth | A traditional story of a people or culture that serves to explain some natural phenomenon, the origin of humanity, or customs or religious rites. |
| treadmill of production | The constant pressure experienced by those in capitalist societies to meet the economic demand for profit and growth. |
| patrilocal | The common practice in some cultures that involves living with or near the husband's parents. |
| emergent norm | A new norm that defines behavior in ambiguous situations, usually developed as part of a crowd. |
| secularization | The shifting in focus of a religion from spiritual concerns to concerns of this world, or the process in which religion loses its social and cultural significance. |
| kinship | Connections between individuals that are established through ancestry, marriage, or adoption. |
| pollution | The act of making air, land, water, and other aspects of the environment dirty or unsafe for humans and wildlife. |
| cultural capital | The assets a person has that are not financial, such as education, patterns of speech, tastes, and manner of dress, which take time and energy to acquire. |
| collective behavior | A non-institutionalized activity in which large numbers of people voluntarily participate. |
| mass | A dispersed group of people who share a similar interest but do not interact. |
| animism | The belief that inanimate objects have souls because of a supernatural power that controls the material universe. |
| cult | A recently formed and different religion that is at odds with the current dominant society or religion; also sometimes called new religion. |
| symbol | An object, word, or action that stands for something else. |
| agnostic | Someone who does not know if gods or supernatural entities exist. |
| stepfamily | A family in which at least one of the adults is a stepparent. |
| nonrenewable | Resources that cannot be naturally replenished at a rate equal to their consumption. Examples include natural gas, oil, and coal, whose formation takes billions of years. |
| monotheism | The worship of or belief in a single god. |
| fossil fuels | Materials that contain potential energy, formed from organic decay that has been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over billions of years. |
| Green Revolution | A trend in the 1940s and 1950s in which there grew to be increasing reliance on, and spread of, new strains of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops like corn, wheat, rice, millet, and sorghum. |
| atheism | A lack of belief in the existence of a deity. |
| homogamy | The tendency of people to marry others with similar characteristics as them. |
| sick role | A way of explaining the rights and responsibilities of a person who is ill. |
| education | A society's formal system of teaching knowledge and skills. |
| social movement | An organized group of people dedicated to changing (or dedicated to resisting change to) a cultural norm, behavior, or value. |
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keatonsteuben
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