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PSYCH 12

Midterm Exam

QuestionAnswer
A set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting information Statistics
> the set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study > the group we would like to understand Population
> a set of individuals selected from a population usually intended to represent the population in a research study Sample
a characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different individuals Variable
a value, usually a numerical value, that describes a population Parameter
a value, usually numerical value, that describes a sample Statistic
these are measurements or observations Data
a collection of measurements or observations Data Set
a single measurement or observation and is commonly called a score or raw score Datum
Scales of Measurement *Nominal Scale *Ordinal Scale *Interval Scale *Ratio Scale
> categorical scale > the data or variables do not have any quantitative value > lowest scale of measurement Nominal Scale
Examples of Nominal Scale gender, marital status, religion, race, hair color, and country
> consists of a set of categories that are organized in an ordered sequence > your data is using numbers in the context of order > its quantitative value is very low Ordinal Scale
Examples of Ordinal Scale first, second, third small, medium, large
> consists of ordered categories that are all intervals of exactly the same size > also referred to as "likert scaling" > zero is arbitrary > zero is arbitrary > no true zero Interval Scale
Examples of Interval Scale Celsius, Fahrenheit
> an interval scale with the additional feature of an absolute zero point >the numbers in ratio scale represent themselves >highest scale of measurement Ratio Scale
Examples of Ratio Scale height, weight, year
the numbers used in data represent themselves & occupy all the points in the number line Continuous Data
Examples of continuous data 1.1, 1.2, 1.001, 1.002, 1.003
using numbers as whole numbers Discrete data
Examples of discrete data number of people in class, number of questions answered correctly, number of books, 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5
an organized tabulation of the number of individuals located in each category on the scale of measurement Frequency distribution
it is esentially the same as a histogram, except that spaces are left between adjacent bars Bar graph
The bar graph is used for what scale of measurement? Nominal Scale
similar to a bar graph but has no spaces between bars Histogram
The histogram is used for what scale of measurement? Interval/Ratio Scale
"parts of a whole"; percentages Pie chart
>used when the values on the horizontal axis are measured on an interval or a ratio scale Line graph
The line graph is used for what scale of measurement? interval/ratio scale
interval/ratio scale Frequency polygon
also known as the arithmetic average, is computed by adding all the scores in the distribution and dividing by the number of scores Mean
Mean for population (symbol) mu symbol
Mean for sample M or X̄
midpoint of group of scores midpoint of a distibution Median
> the score or category that has the greatest frequency > particular score with the highest frequency count Mode
the distance covered by the scores in a distribution, from the smallest score to the largest score Range
> average squared distance from the mean > squared distance between scores Variance
> the square root of the variance & provides a measure of the standard, or average, distance from the mean > exact unit distance between scores > square root of variance Standard Deviation
Created by: user-1766340
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