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Romanelli Chapter5/6

Food Chains, Food Webs, Adaptations

TermDefinition
Be able to describe how an energy pyramid works and how energy flows through it. An energy pyramid shows how energy flows through a food chain. The base is always a plant, as plants make their own energy. As you go up the pyramid, the energy lessens due to the fact that the some of the energy is used by each layer of the pyramid.
Producer Can make its own food. Most plants are producers and only a plant can be a producer. Example: grass, oak trees, moss, and palms. At the beginning of all food chains
Consumer Needs to eat other organisms to survive. Example: Humans, horses, lions, and seals. Broken into Carnivores, Herbivores, and Omnivores.
Decomposer Breaks down dead plants and animals for its food. Example: Bacteria, maggots, worms, slugs, mold.
Carnivore Eats only other animals. Example: Lions
Herbivore Eats only plants. Example: Hippopotamus
Omnivore Eats both plants and animals. Example: Humans
Ecosystem All living (Plants and animals) and non-living parts (Rocks, Water, Air, etc...) of the environment.
Adaptation A change in an organism in order to better fit an organism.
Inherit receiving a parents' genes.
Mutation An unusual change in an organism’s genes.
Behavioral adaptation An inherited behavior that helps an animal survive.
Structural Adaptation A change to a body part that helps an organism to survive an environment.
Extinct When there are no members of a kind of organism left alive.
What are the 2 factors that help to determine how an organism develops? DNA and the Environment
Where do offspring inherit their genes and in what amount? DNA is found in the genes inherited from the parents. Offspring inherit half of their genes from each parent.
Metamorphosis This only occurs in insets or amphibians. Transformation from an immature form to adult in three or more stages. The adult is completely different from the child.
Incomplete Metamorphosis This happens in insects. Each immature stage looks similar to the adult, only smaller. The adult IS NOT completely different from the child.
Larva Second, immature form of an insect. Differs greatly from the adult stage. (Child)
Pupa Second immature form of an insect. Differs greatly from the adult stage. (infant)
4 stages of Metamorphosis Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult
3 stages of Incomplete Metamorphosis Egg, Nymph, Adult
Nymph Immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. This stage looks very similar to the adult but not as large and usually does not have wings (in a winged insect).
What does a plant need to make its own food? A plant uses sunlight to combine nutrients found in the water it absorbs and carbon dioxide, into sugar and oxygen.
Created by: jromanelli
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