Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Stack #4194743
digestive system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| energy needs | growth and repair of tissues. maintaining body temperature. contraction of skeletal muscles in physical activity. normal body functions require energy e.g. breathing, digestion. active transport. anabolic chemical reactions e.g. protein synthesis. |
| digestion | the process by which carbs, proteins and fats are broken down into products small enough to be absorbed |
| carbohydrates | direct source of glucose for cellular respiration. C,H,O, many monomers bond together e.g. glucose |
| lipids | long term energy source for insulation and cell membrane structure. C,H,O, triglyceride to fatty acids and glycerol. excess is obesity due to plaque in walls of blood vessels |
| proteins | growth and repair of tissues and the production of chemicals such as hormones and enzymes. C,H,O,N, from proteins to amino acids. excess/malnourishment is kwashikor |
| minerals | formation of body tissues, e.g. calcium required for bones |
| fibre | keeping the waste materials moving through the intestines and exiting at regular intervals |
| water | required for cellular tonicity (isotonic environment) and to allow for sweating. |
| mechanical digestion | the physical breaking up of the food into smaller pieces, teeth chewing |
| chemical digestion | the breakdown of food using enzymes into its smaller components e.g. amylase chemically changing starch into maltose |
| large surface area - ileum | long, mucosa is highly folded, mucosa has villi, microvilli, large blood supply, thin layer of lining cells. absorption of diffusion like glucose of active transport like fatty acids + glycerol and osmosis of water |
| catalyst | speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required |
| enzymes | are biological catalysts in the body that increase the rate of reaction without being used up in the process. made of proteins. |
| activation energy | energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| factors - enzyme | temperature, pH. competitive or non-competitive inhibitors. co-enzymes are vitamins, co-factors are helper molecules. concentration of substrates. |
| peristalsis | the waves of muscular contractions of the esophagus squeeze the bolus along |
| small intestine | duodenum as in chemical digestion and enzymes are added to the chyme from the stomach |
| pancreas | produces enzymes and adds them to digest the food, the liver produces bile to break up fats. physical breakdown of fats by bile is emulsification |
Created by:
Anesu8648
Popular Science sets