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social studies final

social studies final 2

Question	Answer
islamic golden age	came after european middle ages, southwest asia, middle east, saudi arabian peninsula, interaction with arabs, persians, turks, byzantine, africa, spain
islamic golden age topography	arabian desert, oaisis, fertile crescent, bedouins arab muslim caravans use of camel
death of muhammad the prophet, islamic golden age	leads to the spread of islam and unites arabs, arab cavalry of arabian horses and camels defeat byzantine lands of palestine (jerusalem), syria, persia, egypt and spain (battle of tours), conquered peoples allowed to keep their religion if pay tax
umayyad dynasty, islamic golden age	sunni with damascus, syria capital abbassid
"golden age", capital baghdad, islamic golden age	persian power that united empire under arabic language, continued spice trade route with india, astrolabe, math, preserved greece and roman learning, chemical labs, arabic
islamic golden age decline and ottoman empire rise	due to civil wars and invasions by seljuk turks
gupta golden age and empire	came after islamic golden age, spice trade “incense route”, pepper, capers, math and science advances buddhist stupas
gupta golden age impact	buddhism leaves india through buddhist monks on silk road to china, korea, and japan
holy war, middle ages crusades	came after gupta golden age, to take back jerusalem and palestine from muslim seljuk turks, splendid failure
middle ages crusades causes	the seljuk turks (muslims) began invasions of the byzantine empire and palestine, council of clermont, help to free palestine or the holy land
crusaders, middle ages crusades	salvation, wealth, adventure, land and power, serfs hope to escape feudal oppression
middle ages crusades effects	indirectly led to increased trade and cultural diffusion with the east
middle ages crusades	time period after gupta golden age, increased learning in western europe from interaction with the islamic and byzantine civilization's achievements and preservation of greco-roman culture
middle ages crusades	catholic church begins to lose power, feudalism declines with the rise of cities and new economic system capitalism, states begin to rise (spain versus muslims)
western europe, middle ages crusades	king chartered cities with guilds (unions that standardized price and goods), agricultural revolution leads to food
bubonic plague, middle ages	east asia, gobi desert, mongols, china, to caffa, black sea port, italian merchants brought to messina, sicily originally bacterial mutates to viral
bubonic plague, middle ages	symptoms are headaches, red blotches on skin, lymph node swelling, italian urban areas poor sanitation, spread plague to italian city states
epidemic, bubonic plague, middle ages	local outbreak, pandemic disease crosses continents
bubonic plague, middle ages	pilgrims bring back plague from the holy land, european labor shortages and wage increases, cities are abandoned, guilds do not accept apprentices and journeyman, peasant revolts widespread, governments in chaos, new laws on labor
bubonic plague effects, middle ages	roman catholic church losing power, families fall apart, new middle class loss of life and jobs, loss of servants in households, russia isolated from the plague due to mongol occupation, south africa isolated from the plague due to the sahara deserts
shi huang di, china qin dynasty	came after european middle ages, autocrat, conquered seven warring states using iron crossbow, declared mandate of heaven, built great wall with 40,000 watchtowers, soldiers using smoke signals along wall
shi huang di, china qin dynasty	used legalism (harsh laws and punishments), centralized power, censorship, heavy taxes on iron, persecuted confucianists (burned books, jailed), terracotta soldiers guarding his grave
han dynastie, china	came after qin dynasty, restored bureaucratic government, civil service system, redistributed land to peasants to lessen power of large landlords, grand canal system linking rivers (rice from south to north)
technological advancements, tang and song dynasties, china	mechanical clock, gunpowder, smallpox vaccine, block printing, moveable type, spinning wheel, gentry (landowners), peasants, and merchants (low class), women and footbinding, buddhist pagodas, porcelain
ming dynasty	came after tang and song dynasties china, overthrew mongol yuan dynasty, fortified great wall, porcelain, zheng he’s fleet overseas voyage to south asia in search of pepper, to create new tributary states to china
ming dynasty	show china's superiority (traded with southeast asia, south asia (india), southwest asia (middle east) and africa, fleet burned down due to ethnocentrism, all foreign sea trade in cities canton and macau, a golden age (art landscape paintings)
japan	came after ming dynasty china, archipelago, 85% mountainous, irregular coast, ring of fire (volcanoes) tsunamis, typhoon winds, called kamikazes, lack of resources, adapt and modification of environment terrace farming, rice from china, fishing , sushi
korea	came after japan, peninsula and islands, irregular coastline with small plains, mountainous, narrow valleys, adapt (fishing), cultural bridge from china to japan (buddhism, selective borrowing, tea, pictographs)
tokugawa shogunate, japan feudalism	one shogun with power and a rigid social class system
tokugawa shogunate, japan feudalism	sankin kotai hostage system of daimyo’s family at the capitol with the shogun, closed door trade policy, act of seclusion (no foreigners), no social mobility (rigid social hierarchy, defined class system), emperor, shogun, daimyos, samurai, commoners
roman trade network	mediterranean sea trade network, which connected later to the black sea trade network
chinas trade network	silk road trade network was used by this area
indias trade networks	spice route (pepper and sugar) and ocean trade network
middle east trade network	incense route (arabian peninsula like frankincense)
european trade network	waterways (rivers and coastlines, italian city states like florence, venice, and more), hanseatic (german) league
renaissance causes	came after japan, end of the black death, italian city states dominating mediterranean sea trade with the ottoman empire (silks and spices), greeks fled from the ottoman empire that can read the greek classics, marco polo's book, spark european interest
capitalism, renaissance causes	relies on private businesses, bank lending, and the new middle class
commercial revolution, renaissance causes	economic expansion, leads to the development of a new economic system, capitalism
renaissance	rebirth, revival of greece and roman ideas, power of papal states of the roman catholic church, pope (rich from indulgences), technology from asia was being used like the cannon
renaissance	gutenberg press based on the chinese moveable type, rudder, compass, astrolabe and europe cartography, the medici family of florence were powerful bankers and merchants that were patrons of the arts
renaissance	the merchant class were becoming rich and powerful (patrons of the arts and becoming the new middle class)
humanism, renaissance	an movement that believed an individual's intellectual potential would be attained through the study of worldly subjects from the classics, which were secular (separated from religion), the greek spirit of questioning and individualism was stressed
artists, renaissance	ninja turtles, use of perspectives in painting, revival of domes and arches
leonardo da vinci, reniassance	florence, mona lisa, last supper, botany, anatomy, music, architecture, and engineering
michelangelo, renaissance	david, pieta, sistine chapel, st. peter's basilica's dome (sculptor, engineer, painter architect, and poet)
raphael, renaissance	school of athens, madonna
gutenberg's printing press, renaissance	literature written in the vernacular (spoken language)
dante, renaissance	the divine comedy, medieval literature about heaven, purgatory
machiavelli, renaissance	prince, his personal experience on politics and to guide rulers on how to gain and maintain power, "the ends justify the means", "it is better to be feared than loved"
shakespeare, renaissance	england, northern renaissance, romeo and juliet, hamlet

95 these, martin luther, protestant reformation	list of arguments against indulgences and corruption in the roman catholic church
martin luther, protestant reformation	ninety five theses were posted onto the door of wittenberg's all saints church
95 theses, matin luther, protestant reformation	end indulgences, salvation through faith alone, bible the source of religious truth, not clergy (churchman) and should be in the vernacular (spoken language), priests and churchman do not have special powers
protestant reformation	came after renaissance, martin luther excommunicated, refuse to recant (take back words), lutheranism, protest papal authority, schism of christianity, peace of augsburg
calvanism, protestant reformation	john calvin, french, believed in salvation from faith, the bible is the only source of truth, predestination
huguenots of france, protestant reformation	persecuted by french catholic monarchy
angelicanism, protestant reformation	henry VIII (8) of england, conflict of annulment with catherine of aragon, act of supremacy made henry VIII (8) the supreme head of the church of england and directly challenged the religious authority of the roman catholic church
counter reformation, protestant reformation	council of trent end abuses in church, stiff penalties for worldliness and corruption of clergy, inquisition (church court to root out heresies, anti-semitism leads to ghettos), missionaries to spread catholic faith in new world, asia, and africa
end of european religious unity	religious wars for 100 years between france, england, spain, and the german kingdoms
mesoamerica aztecs	came after protestant reformation, indigenous peoples from the bering strait crossing, amazon river and rainforest (slash and burn agriculture, three sisters are corn, squash, and beans), yucatan peninsula (mexico)
mesoamerica aztecs	canals and floating gardens (chinampas), obsidian (volcanic stone), and rubber irregular coastline, northern and southern coasts, equator- hot, wet climate, natural resources (gold, silver, iron, lumber, obsidian, rubber)
mesoamerica aztecs	adaption to environment leads to cultural diversity (differences), mesoamericans were not able to unite due to geography and topography, central america, mexico, 30 million people, capitol city teotihuacan (mexico city), single ruler emperor
mesoamerica aztecs	social classes (priests, nobles, warriors, farmers, slaves), economy based on agriculture and trade, three sisters (corn, bean, and squash), polytheistic, human sacrifices on pyramid shaped temples, chinampas (floating gardens), canal system, glyphs
mesoamerica aztecs, decline	wars and conquered peoples paid tribute, which created resentment and them allying with the spanish conquistador cortes to conquer
mesoamerica incas	indigenous peoples from the bering strait crossing, andes mountain chain and the use of terrace farming (potatoes) with suspension footbridges and roads, northern and southern coasts, hot, wet climate, gold, silver, iron, lumber, obsidian, rubber
mesoamerica incas	adaption to the environment leads to cultural diversity (differences), mesoamericans were not able to unite due to geography and topography
mesoamerica incas	south america, andes mountains, capitol city cuzco, sun king, social classes, agriculture and trade (potatoes), polytheistic, miles of suspension footbridges and roads, quipu (not complex writing system, tied knots to communicate), terrace farming
mesoamerica incas, decline	due to civil wars and spanish occupation conquistador (pizzaro)
exploration causes	technology and ships, cartography, sextant (altitude of sun to determine latitude on map), mercator projection (map projection), triangular sails, sternpost rudder, maneuverable, easy sail in shallow waters, able to sail down wind using square sails

portuguese explorers, explorers and the encounter	henry the navigator, bartholomeu dias (rounded cape of good hope south african coast through the use of ocean gyres), vasco da gama (west coast of indian continent), christopher columbus (searching for a direct route to asia but found the caribbean)
encounter, explores and encounter	europeans crossed the atlantic and found the indigenous peoples of the america
explorers and encounter	came after mesoamerican incas, spanish explorer magellan circumnavigation, jesuit missionaries to convert “new world” (eurocentric view), priest bartolome de las casas fought against abuses to indigenous peoples
conquistadors spain, explorers and encounter	spanish military technology, cannons, horses, muskets, metal helmets and armor, smallpox disease, geographic division led to mesoamerican rivalry
conquistador cortés, colonizations	aztecs, fall tenochtitlan and moctezuma, (conquistador pizarro incas led to fall of cuzco and atahualpa)


columbian exchange, colonization	the global exchange of people, plants, animals, deas, technology, and diseases, loss of indigenous peoples to smallpox started african slavery and the middle passage (atlantic slave trade)
mercantilism, colonization	mother country benefits from favorable trade with colonies
imperialism, colonization	when a stronger nation rules over a weaker nation or region
encomienda system, colonization	used by the spanish conquistadors, and land owners on plantations, indigenous peoples were forced to labor on plantation and/or pay tribute and tax (gold and silver), natives were converted to roman catholicism, spanish racial hierarchy in colonies
absolutism description	autocrat, divine right (god’s followers on earth), centralized, makes laws, controls religious authority, aristocrats and nobles, no free speech, censorship, spies, secret police, over taxation, builds up military, expansionism, jail, torture,
thomas hobbes, absolutism	believed in absolutism
mughals	muslim, rule india, babar(ur) founder of empire in india descendant of mongols
akbar the great, mughals	absolute monarch married a hindu princess, modernized the army and practiced religious toleration
ottoman empire	came after mughals, muslim central asian nomads take down, constantinople, byzantine empire, mediterranean sea trade through the use of cannons, rename city islamic capital city istanbul
control the bosporus strait, ottoman empire	crossroads of trade between asia and europe, venetian, silk road, spice route, expansion of empire, africa, middle east, asia minor, balkans
suleiman the great, ottoman empire	golden age, absolute monarch, bureaucracy with social organization, hegemony, growth of arts and literature, and religious toleration
louis XIV (14), france	"sun king", roman catholic king, divine right, sun king, went around estates general to created laws and make more taxes, revoked edict of nantes which led to the persecution of protestants (huguenots)
louis XIV (14), france	came after ottoman empire, not allowed to leave, arrested, jailed, censorship, over taxation on trade imports palace of versailles, spies on nobility or guests, largest standing army of western europe, modern weapons, expands borders and colonies
louis XIV (14), france effects	later france will go bankrupt and have a revolution during his grandson’s rule
peninsulares, colonization	europeans from iberian peninsular of spain, land owners and government officials
creoles, colonization	european descent born in americas, land owners
mestizos, colonization	mixed descent of european and natives, worked in households
mulattoes, colonization	mixed descent of european and african slave, worked in households
native americans and african slaves, colonization	hard labor
early russia and absolute monarchy	present day russia, tundra, no warm water ports, low population density in siberia, influenced by byzantine empire through trade (onion domes), russian orthodox christianity with patriarch as leader
early russia and absolute monarchy	czar caesar, autocrat, cyrillic based alphabet, mongols occupy and isolate russia from western europe (no black death and renaissance)
peter the great, early russia and absolute monarchy	absolute monarch, westernized (beard tax, learn french), modernized (built a navy, updated artillery), overtaxation (soul and chimney taxes for st. petersburg), created serfs (drafted them into army controlled eastern orthodox church leaders)
peter the great, early russia and absolute monarchy	came after louis XIV (14), went to war with sweden (baltic sea) and ottoman empire for warm water ports, centralized authority (table of ranks, made nobility (boyars), work as leaders of public education, army

Created by: 27fierteko

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