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Anatomy 22.1-22.3

Male Reproductive System

TermDefinition
How many chromosomes does a typical human cell have in each of its cells? 23 pairs of chromosomes
What is a haploid and diploid cell? How many chromosomes are found in each type of cell? Which type of cells are used as gametes? Haploid Cell- 1 copy of genome (one chromosome) Gametes, reproductive or sex cells Diploid Cell- 2 copies of genome (two chromosomes)
How is meiosis similar and different from mitosis? Explain this in 3-5 sentences. Meiosis- Genetically different, 4 haploid cells Mitosis- Genetically same, 2 diploid cells
What is the product of Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2 (i.e., how many cells do you end up with, how many copies of the genome do they have in each cell, and is their genetic content identical or different from the genetic content of the mother cell)? Four haploid cells, genetically different, One chromosome
How does a synapsis change the genetic content of the soon-to-be-produced daughter cells? Synapsis happens in prophase I, and creates genetic diversity among chromosomes.
What are the male gonads? Testes
What are male gametes called? Are they considered haploids or diploids? Male gametes are called sperm (haploids)
What is spermatogenesis, and where does it occur in the testes? Give your answer in 1-2 sentences. Spermatogenesis: creates sperm and it occurs in the seminiferous tubules (inside the gonads)
When does spermatogenesis start? Spermatogenesis starts in puberty.
How do Spermatogonia give rise to Primary spermatocytes? Describe how one spermatogonium can give rise to 4 spermatids (premature sperm cells) using meiosis. Spermatogonia does mitosis and gives rise to two diploid cells then one become the primary spermatocyte. Primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I then it splits into two genetically dif cells secondary spermatocyte meiosis II four haploid spermatids.
What is spermiogenesis? What two organs do they take place in? Spermiogenesis is the physical maturation of spermatids (haploid) Occurs in the testes and epididymis
What is the function of sustentocytes in the testes? Helps facilitate spermatogenesis
What hormone drives spermatogenesis? What cells secrete this hormone, and where can they be found? When is this hormone typically secreted in high amounts during the lifespan of a male human? Testosterone. Interstitial endocrine cells secrete testosterone found in the testes. Typically secreted in high amounts during puberty
Describe how the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland control testosterone secretion. The hypothalamus secretes GnRH which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete the luteinizing hormone (LH)
Describe the secondary effects of Testosterone on the human body. What are the secondary sexual characteristics of Testosterone? Secondary effects of testosterone: muscle development, bone growth, maintaining libido (in male & female) Secondary sex characteristics: facial hair, broad shoulders, increased body hair, mature genital organs
What “holding pouch” structure carries the testes and Epididymis? Why are the testes found outside the abdominopelvic cavity? Scrotum holds testes Found outside of the abdominopelvic cavity since spermatogenesis works better at a cooler temperature
What is the function of the ductus/vas deferens? Vas deferens leads sperm from scrotum to pelvic cavity
In general, what two general parts compromise semen? What is the function of each part of semen? Sperm 5% and Seminal Fluid 95%. Seminal Fluid helps sperm get to egg
What are the male accessory glands? For each accessory gland, describe the purpose of their secretion. Prostate gland- coagulate and decoagulant semen in female reproductive tract Seminal Vesicle- contains fructose (helps sperm create ATP) Bulbourethral Gland- Lubricates tip of penis and vagina & clean urethra (secreted before ejaculation)
What expandable tissues are found within the penis? Which one contains the urethra? How are they used during a male erection? Corpus Cavernosum Corpus Spongiosum: Urethra found in this section *When spongy tissue fills with blood it grows in size/becomes stiff*
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