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MRT-110; Chapter 2
"the essentials of medical language"; the body as a whole/cells/genes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | Latin; a storeroom |
| S/ -logy | study of |
| R/CF cyt/o- | cell |
| S/ -logist | one who studies, a specialist |
| S/ -ation | process |
| R/ fertiliz- | to make fruitful |
| organ | Latin; instrument, tool |
| S/ -elle | small |
| R/ organ- | organ |
| S/ -ism | condition, process |
| tissue | Latin; to weave |
| zygote | Greek; yolk |
| cytology | study of the cell |
| cytologist | specialist in the structure, chemistry, and pathology of the cell |
| R/ anabol- | build up |
| R/ catabol- | break down |
| R/CF chrom/o- | color |
| S/ -plasm | something formed |
| S/ -some | body |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | deoxyribose; a sugar nucleic acid; a protein |
| S/ -lyte | soluble |
| R/CF electr/o- | electricity |
| hormone | Greek; set in motion |
| S/ -al | pertaining to |
| R/ hormon- | hormone |
| S/ -ar | pertaining to |
| P/ intra- | within |
| lipid | Greek; fat |
| membrane | Latin; parchment |
| S/ -ous | pertaining to |
| R/ membran- | cover, skin |
| R/ metabol- | change |
| S/ -ic | pertaining to |
| S/ -ia | condition |
| R/CF mit/o- | thread |
| R/ -chondr- | granule |
| S/ -ion | condition |
| S/ -lus | small |
| R/CF nucle/o- | nucleus |
| protein | Greek; protein |
| P/ ribo- | from ribose, a sugar |
| R/ -nucle- | nucleus |
| S/ -oid | resembling |
| R/ -ster | solid |
| integumentary | skin, hair, nails, sweat/sebaceous glands |
| skeletal | bones, ligaments, cartilage |
| muscular | muscles |
| nervous | brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs |
| endocrine | glands that secrete hormones (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal) |
| cardiovascular | heart, blood vessels |
| lymphatic | lymph vessels and nodes, thymus, spleen |
| integumentary functions | protect tissues, regulate body temp, support sensory receptors |
| skeletal functions | provide framework, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts |
| muscular functions | cause movements, maintain posture, produce body heat |
| nervous functions | receive/interpret sensory info, stimulate muscles/ glands and other organ systems |
| endocrine functions | control metabolic activities of organs |
| cardiovascular functions | move blood and transport substances throughout the body |
| lymphatic functions | defend body against infection, return tissue fluid to blood, carry certain absorbed food molecules |
| digestive | mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small/large intestines |
| respiratory | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
| urinary | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| reproductive (male) | scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penis |
| reproductive (female) | ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva |
| digestive functions | receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate unabsorbed material |
| respiratory functions | intake and output air, exchange gases between air and blood |
| urinary functions | remove wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and transport urine |
| reproductive (male) functions | produce and maintain sperm cells, transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tract |
| reproductive (female) functions | produce and maintain egg cells, receive sperm cells, support development of an embryo, function in birth process |
| histology | study of the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs |
| histologist | specialist in histology |
| anterior (ventral) | the front surface of the body; situated in front |
| caudal | pertaining to or nearer the tailbone |
| cephalic | pertaining to or nearer to the head |
| coronal (frontal) | pertaining to the vertical plane diving the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions |
| distal | situated away from the center of the body |
| dorsal | pertaining to the back or situated behind |
| inferior (caudal) | situated below |
| lateral | situated at the side of a structure |
| medial | nearer to the middle of the body |
| posterior (dorsal) | pertaining to the back surface of the body; situated behind |
| prone | lying face down, flat on your belly |
| proximal | situated nearest to the center of the body |
| sagittal | vertical plane through the body dividing it into right and left portions |
| superior (cephalic) | situated above |
| supine | lying face up/flat on your spine |
| transverse/horizontal | plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions |
| ventral | pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly |
| cranial cavity | contains the brain within the skull |
| thoracic cavity | contains the heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, and numerous blood vessels and nerves |
| abdominal cavity | separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm, contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys |
| pelvic cavity | surrounded by the pelvic bones, contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, the rectum and anus, and the internal reproductive organs |
| spinal cavity | contains the spinal cord |
| abdominopelvic cavity | abdominal and pelvic cavity combined |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
Created by:
Aliyamaliya
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