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Nervous system

Pathological terms

TermDefinition
concussion Brain injury due to trauma.
coma Abnormally deep sleep with little or no response to stimuli.
brain contusion Bruising of the surface of the brain without penetration.
closed head trauma brain hit skull and rebound to other side of skull
shaken baby syndrome closed head trauma in young children creating potentially fatal damage
subdural hematoma tumor like collection of blood caused by trauma
spina bifida Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column.
meningocele In spina bifida cystica, protrusion of the spinal meninges above the surface of the skin
meningomyelocele In spina bifida cystica, protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord above the surface of the skin.
Tay-sachs disease Hereditary disease that causes deterioration in the central nervous system and, eventually, death
hydrocephalus Overproduction of fluid in the brain.
dementia Deterioration in mental capacity, usually in the elderly.
Alzheimer disease A type of degenerative brain disease causing thought disorders, gradual loss of muscle control, and eventually, death.
amnesia Loss of memory
Apraxia Inability to properly use familiar objects.
agnosia Inability to receive and understand outside stimuli.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lou Gehrig's disease Degenerative disease of the motor neurons leading to loss of muscular control and death.
Huntington chorea Hereditary disorder with uncontrollable, jerking movements.
multiple sclerosis (MS) Degenerative disease with loss of myelin, resulting in muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, and some paralysis.
demyelination Destruction of myelin sheath, particularly in multiple sclerosis.
gait Manner of walking.
paresthesia Abnormal sensation, such as tingling.
myasthenia gravis Disease involving overproduction of antibodies that block certain neurotransmitters; causes muscle weakness.
Parkinson's disease Degeneration of nerves in the brain caused by lack of sufficient dopamine.
dopamine Substance in the brain or manufactured substance that helps relieve symptoms of Parkinson disease.
palsy Partial or complete paralysis.
cerebral palsy Congenital disease caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth and resulting in lack of motor coordination.
Bell's palsy Paralysis of one side of the face; usually temporary.
ataxia Condition with uncoordinated voluntary muscular movement, usually resulting from disorders of the cerebellum or spinal cord.
epilepsy Chronic recurrent seizure activity.
aura Group of symptoms that precede a seizure.
absence seizures, petit mal seizures Mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the environment.
shingles Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster.
tonic-clonic seizures, grand mal seizures Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness.
meningitis Inflammation of the meninges.
Tourette syndrome Neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable speech sounds and tics.
tics Twitching movements that accompany some neurological disorders.
pyrogenic meningitis Meningitis caused by bacteria; can be fatal; bacterial meningitis.
bacterial meningitis Meningitis caused by bacteria; pyrogenic meningitis.
viral meningitis Meningitis caused by a virus and not as severe as pyrogenic meningitis.
neuritis Inflammation of the nerves
myelitis Inflammation of the spinal cord
encephalitis Inflammation of the brain
cerebellitis Inflammation of the cerebellum
gangliitis Inflammation of the ganglion
radiculitis Inflammation of the spinal nerve root
sciatica 1. Pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition. 2. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve.
glioma Tumor that arises from neuroglia.
meningioma Tumor that arises from the meninges.
astrocytoma Type of glioma formed from astrocytes.
oligodengroglioma Type of glioma formed from oligodendroglia.
glioblastoma multiforme Most malignant form of glioma.
ganglion Any group of nerve cell bodies forming a mass or a cyst in the peripheral nervous system; usually forms in the wrist.
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke.
stroke Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain.
cerebral infusion Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke.
thrombus Blood clot; stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood.
occlusion Blocking of a blood vessel; the closing of a blood vessel.
thrombotic stroke Stroke caused by a thrombus.
transient ischemic attack Short neurological incident usually not resulting in permanent injury, but usually signaling that a larger stroke may occur.
embolic stroke Sudden stroke caused by an embolus.
embolus Mass of foreign material blocking a vessel; clot from somewhere in the body that blocks a small blood vessel in the brain.
hemorrhagic stroke Stroke caused by blood escaping from a damaged cerebral artery.
aneurysm Abnormal widening of an artery wall that bursts and releases blood; ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall.
dsyphasia Speech difficulty.
aphasia Loss of speech.
fainting, syncope Loss of consciousness due to a sudden lack of oxygen in the brain.
somnolence Extreme sleepiness caused by a neurological disorder.
narcolepsy Nervous system disorder that causes uncontrollable, sudden lapses into deep sleep.
Created by: SViner
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