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gastrointestinal (GI) tract
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Med Term Chpt 11
Gastrointestinal System-Gastroenterlogy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| digestion | process of carrying food through the body and breaking it into usable parts |
| gastrointestinal (GI) tract | long tube helps with digestion, divide into upper and lower GI tracts |
| or/o, stomat/o | mouth |
| oral | pertains to the mouth |
| stomatosis | inflammation of the mouth |
| dent/o, odont/o | tooth |
| odontalgia | tooth pain |
| gingiv/o | gum |
| gingivostomatitis | inflammation of the mouth and gums |
| gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue |
| glossopathy | disease of the tongue |
| hypoglossal/sublingual | pertaining to below the tongue |
| esopahg/o | esophagus |
| esophageal | pertaining to the esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gastopexy | surgical fixation of the stomach |
| enter/o | intestine |
| dysentery | (diarrhea) infection of the small intestine causing diarrhea and bleeding |
| deuden/o | duodenum |
| duodenectomy | removal of the duodenum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| jejunitis | inflammation of the jejunum |
| ile/o | ileum |
| ileotomy | incision into the ileum |
| iletis | inflammation of the ileum |
| col/o, colon/o | colon |
| colorectal carcinoma | cancer of the colon and rectum |
| colonectomy | colon removal |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| sigmoidoscope | device used to view inside the sigmoid colon |
| rect/o | rectum |
| rectoplasy | surgical repair of the rectum |
| an/o | anus |
| anal fistual | abnormal opening between the rectum and exterior perianal skin |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| procology | study of the anus and rectum |
| proctitis | inflammation of the anus and rectum |
| liver | large organ-filters blood of toxins, store sugar in the form of glycogen, creates bile |
| sial/o | saliva |
| sialoadenitis | inflammation of the salivary gland |
| bil/i, chol/e | bile |
| cholelith | gallstone |
| biligenesis | formation of bile |
| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | abdomen |
| celiopathy | disease of the abdomen |
| laparoscope | device to view the inside of the abdomen |
| abdominocentesis | puncture of the abdomen |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| cholecystectomy | removal of the gallbladder |
| doch/o | duct |
| choledocholithiasis | condition of gallstones in the bile duct |
| hepat/o, hepatic/o | liver |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| pancreat/o | pancrease |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancrease |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| peritoneotomy | incision into the periotoneum |
| stomatodynia | mouth pain |
| esophalgia | esophageal pain |
| cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| dyspepsia | pain with eating or general nausea |
| emesis | vomiting |
| diarrhea/constipation | irritation of the small intestine -loose, watery stool/stool becomes hard, dry, difficult to pass |
| obstruction/obstipation | blockage, food dsn't pass/gas cannot pass |
| jaundice | yellow coloring of the skin and eyes (gallbladder dysfunction) |
| aerodontalgia | tooth pain associated with exposure to air |
| aphagia | not eating due to mouth/tooth pain |
| eupepsia/dyspepsia | good/bad digestion |
| hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| hyperemesis | excessive vomiting |
| enterodynia | pain in the intestines |
| hemorrhoid | inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus |
| rectalgia | rectal pain |
| sialorrhea | excessive salivation |
| cholecystalgia | gallbladder pain |
| ascites | excess fluid |
| gastromalacia | softening of the stomach |
| gastroparesis | partial paralysis of the stomach |
| stomatogastric | pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
| stomatosis | mouth condition |
| glossoplegia | paralysis of the tongue |
| odontoclasis | breaking of a tooth |
| anophony | sound from the anus |
| flatus | passing gas |
| steatorrhea | excessive fat discharged in the feces |
| hempatomalcia/hepatolmegaly/hepatoptosis | softening/enlargement/downard displacement of the liver |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| sialoangiectasis | overexpansion of the salivary vessels |
| sialstenosis | narrowing of the salivary glands |
| cholangiogram/cholecystogram | record of the bile vessels (ducts)/bile in gall bladder |
| cholangiography | procedure for recording the bile vessels (ducts) |
| nasogastric tube | hollow tube inserted through the nose and placed into the stomach |
| dentrifice | toothpaste |
| dentist/orthodontist | specialist in teeth/straightening teeth |
| bariatrics | branch of medicine dealing with weight issues |
| pyloric stenosis | narrowing of the sphincter at the base of the stomach |
| stomatomycosis | fungal infection of the mouth |
| GERD -gastroesophageal reflux disease | backward flow of acid from the stomach to the esophagus |
| gingival hyperplasia | over formation of the gums |
| glossotrichia | overdevelopment of bumps on the tongue, making tongue appear to be hairy |
| colovaginal fistula | abnormal opening between the colon and the vagina |
| celiac disease | disease of the intestines due to adverse reaction to gluten |
| malabsorption | incomplete or lack of absorbing nutrients from the intestines |
| sclerosing cholangitis | inflammation and hardening of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| laparocele | abdominal hernia |
| hepatoma | tumor of the liver |
| cirrhosis | liver disease named for the change of color of the liver |
| celiopathy | disease of the abdomen |
| glossorrhaphy | suturing of the tongue |
| glossotomy | incision into the tongue |
| hemicoletomy | surgical removal of half (a portion) of the colon |
| anoplasty/proctoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the anus/anus and rectum |
| colostomy | surgical creation of an opening in the colon |
| anastomosis | creation of an opening, surgical procedure connecting two previously unconnected hollow tubes |
| rectopexy | surgical fixation of the rectum (done to correct a prolapse) |
| abdominocentesis | puncture of the abdomen (usually for the purpose of withdrawing fluid) |
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