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Unit 2 Vocabulary

Cell Transport, Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration

TermDefinition
Diffusion The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until they are evenly distributed.
Osmosis The movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Active Transport The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.
Passive Transport The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the need for energy input, typically moving from high to low concentration.
Selectively Permeable/Semipermeable A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through while blocking others.
Concentration Gradient A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space, which drives the movement of molecules.
Endocytosis The process by which a cell engulfs material from the outside environment, bringing it into the cell.
Exocytosis The process by which a cell expels materials to the outside environment through vesicles.
Facilitated Diffusion The process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.
Transport Proteins Proteins that assist in the movement of substances across a cell membrane.
Solute A substance that is dissolved in a solution, often contrasting with the solvent.
Solvent The component in a solution that dissolves the solute, typically in greater quantity.
Hypertonic A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to lose water.
Hypotonic A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to gain water.
Isotonic A solution that has an equal concentration of solutes compared to another solution, resulting in no net movement of water.
Cellular process any process that is carried out at the cellular level
Cellular transport the movement of molecules across the cell membrane
Homeostasis regulation of an organism’s internal environment in order to maintain conditions suitable for survival
Enzyme a protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a reaction without being changed by it
Matter The substance of which all physical objects are made; anything that has mass and takes up space.
Energy The capacity to do work or produce change; it exists in various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical.
Photosynthesis The process by which green plants and some organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Cellular Respiration The metabolic process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
Mitochondria Organelle known as the "powerhouses of the cell," where cellular respiration occurs to produce energy.
Biomolecules Organic molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Metabolism The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism, including the processes of breaking down substances and synthesizing new compounds.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) The primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.
Enzyme A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.
Chlorophyll A green pigment found in plants that is essential for photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb light energy.
Organic Compounds Molecules that contain carbon and are found in living organisms, often forming the basis of biological structures and functions.
Ecosystem A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment, including the flow of energy and matter.
Homeostasis The process by which living organisms regulate their internal environment to maintain stable, constant conditions despite external changes.
Trophic Levels The hierarchical levels in an ecosystem that represent the flow of energy and matter, including producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Nutrient Cycling The movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter within an ecosystem.
Biogeochemical Cycle The cycle that describes the movement of elements and compounds through biological, geological, and chemical processes within ecosystems.
Aerobic Referring to processes that require oxygen, such as aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic Processes that occur without oxygen, such as anaerobic respiration or fermentation.
Created by: andersonqisd
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