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Life Science Exam 1

Part two of exam cards (Chapter 2)

TermDefinition
Which of the following macromolecules performs all of the following functions: forms integral part of cell membrane, regulates chemical reactions, forms channels in the cell membrane, and acts as hormones? Proteins
Sodium chloride (table salt) dissolves easily in water. This occurs because of which of the following properties of water? Polarity
What is the “driving force” in evolution? Natural selection
Units of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base make up which of the following molecules? RNA and DNA
Carbohydrate and protein molecules both contain ___________, however, protein molecules also contain ___________ in addition. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; nitrogen
A chain of many sugar monomers joined by chemical bonds forms a ____________. polysaccharide
Water is a good solvent, in part, because of its hydrogen bonds. Which of the following statements is true of this type of bond? They can be intramolecular or intermolecular
Organic molecules are molecules that contain ___________, which can form bonds with as many as ___________ other elements carbon; 4
Match each macromolecule with its monomer or subunit. 1. amino acids - protein 2. monosaccharides - carbohydrate 3. carbon skeleton and fatty acids -lipid 4. nucleotides - nucleic acids
Which of the following is present in eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes? Nucleus
Which of the following is an important difference between good science and but not of pseudoscience? Rigorous testing of alternate hypotheses
Approximately how many years ago did the common ancestor of all living things appear on Earth? 4 billion
Which of the following statements is true regarding the nucleotides in DNA? They form antiparallel strands connected by hydrogen bonds.
A(An) ____________ is made of atoms, the smallest units that have the properties of that _____________. When atoms form covalent bonds, a(an) ____________ is formed. element; element; molecule
A covalent bond is when... electrons are shared; ionic is when electrons are given/donated from one atom to another
Polymers of amino acids form a polypeptide. What is the shape of a polypeptide? A folded or coiled string of beads
What is a poypeptide? A chain of amino acids that is linked by peptide bonds
Which major macromolecules are found in living things? - Proteins - Carbohydrates - Lipids - Nucleic acids
Sasha and Luke are siblings who are “like oil and water.” What does this common expression mean, and what science concept explains why? Sasha and Luke don’t get along well; oil is hydrophobic
What does the term complementary mean when it is applied to DNA? Adenine always pairs with thymine; cytosine always pairs with guanine. (these are the nitrogenous bases)
The atomic number of neutral chlorine is 17. When chlorine forms an ionic bond with sodium, it gains an electron. How many electrons does it then have? 18
Table sugar, or sucrose, is a ____________ consisting of ____________. disaccharide; fructose and glucose (both disaccharides and monosaccharides are carbohydrates; a disaccharide consists of 2 monosaccharides)
Which type of molecule is made of a glycerol molecule attached to two fatty acid chains and a phosphate head group? Phospholipid: Phospholipids are a type of fat, or lipid, that contain phosphorus and are a major component of cell membranes
Which of the following is an accurate statement of an important difference between covalent and ionic bonds? Covalent bonds represent shared electrons; ionic bonds represent donated electrons.
The black-capped chickadee, a common North American bird, can maintain its internal body temperature of 107°F (-42°C) even when the air temperature around it is well below zero. This is an example of _____________. homeostasis
By which of the following measures can it be said that bacteria are more successful organisms than humans? They have adapted to more, and more diverse, environments.
What is metabolism? All the chemical processes that occur in cells
Which characteristic is found in all living organisms? A plasma membrane surrounding each cell
What type of molecules show hydrophobic properties? Nonpolar
What is the difference between a nonpolar and polar molecule? A polar molecule has an uneven distribution of electric charge, meaning one side of the molecule is slightly positive and the other slightly negative, while a nonpolar molecule has an even distribution of charge with no distinct positive or negative poles
Why would the temperature of water increase as heat energy is added? Hydrogen bonds are broken between molecules; Heat energy disrupts the hydrogen bonds between water molecules
True or False: When water dissolves table salt (NaCl), the Na+ ions from the salt are attracted to the negative pole of the water molecule. True; The (positive) Na+ ions would be attracted to the partially negative charge of the oxygen atom in the water molecule.
Which type of chemical bond forms a strong bond with shared electrons? Covalent bond; Ionic bonds are still the strongest type of bond
True or False: All carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. True; The simplest carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio CH2O
Which component gives each amino acid its distinctive chemical properties? Side group; Different side groups can attach to amino and carboxyl groups, which gives an amino acid distinctive chemical properties
True or False: The main function of cholesterol in an animal cell is to maintain membrane fluidity. True; Cholesterol does have an important function in membrane maintenance
DNA is a nucleic acid in living organisms. What components are found in DNA? Complementary nitrogenous base pairs are the rungs of the DNA ladder; In DNA, complementary base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds to form the rungs of the DNA ladder
True or False: Cell membranes are only found in eukaryotic cells. False; Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are enclosed by cell membranes; only eukaryotic cells contain organelles, which are internal structures surrounded by membranes
Which organisms are more closely related to each other? Bacteria and green algae (they stem from a closer common ancestor) both are prokaryotes
Created by: FaithMcBaith
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