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3A DNA and Genes

TermDefinition
What is the information in DNA used for ? To build the machinery that cells need to survive and function.
Describe the shape of DNA's double helix . Like a twisted ladder sugar and phosphates from the sides, and the rungs are made of paired based .
Name the four based found in DNA nucleotides. Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
How do the bases pair up within the DNA molecule ? Adenine pairs within thymine cytosine pairs with guanine.
Gene A section of DNA that codes for one kind of protein.
Transcription The process that cells used to make RNA copies of a gene.
Takes place in (cell location) Takes place in the nucleus. The enzymes perform this process.
Produce Messenger ribonucleic acid or mRNA (single strand of nucleotides has ribose instead of deoxyribose and has uracil instead of thymine).
Translation The process of converting the DNA code into a protein.
Describe two ways that an mRNA molecule is different from a DNA molecule. DNA is a double stranded molecule. mRNA has only a single strand. mRNA contains uracil in place of DNA's rhymine
Codon a group of three nucleotides
How does tRNA recognize where to place its amino acid in a protein being built? The anticadon on a tRNA has a matching codon on the mRNA molecule
cell cycle The process of growth and reproduction
interphase the portion of the cell cycle during which the cell grows and carries out its normal function
Mitosis (needed for growth, replace dead cells...) Process of the cell cycle that ensures that each new daughter cells produce the came and kinds of genes as the parent cell.
Four phases of Mitosis Four Phases of Mitosis 1. phophase 2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase
cytokinesis The final stage of the cell cycle during which the parent cell pinches to give each new daughter cells some cytoplasm.
explain replication DNA- copying process 1 the two nucleotides bonds are broken up or unzipped 2 nucleotides in the nucleus line up with the unzipped half of the DNA 3 in time this produces two identical DNA molecule.
Created by: Emma Cheshire
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