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quiz 2
lifespan development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the two inborn intellectual functions? | organization & adaptation |
| assimilation consists of using existing _______ | schemes |
| accommodation consists of _________ schemes | modifying |
| what is the main issue in the sensorimotor stage? | object permanence |
| in the preoperational stage, __________ ________ refers to the quality of a stimulus that makes it stand out and capture attention due to its prominent sensory features | perceptual salience |
| in the preoperational stage, ___________ is where a child moves away from a one-dimensional or self-centered way of thinking and begins to consider multiple aspects or perspectives of a situation | decentration |
| in the preoperational stage, ____________ is the ability to understand that objects or numbers can be changed and then returned to their original state | reversibility |
| in the preoperational stage, _______________ ______ refers to the ability to understand the process of change from one state to another | transformational though |
| during the ________ ____________ stage, children should be able to decenter, apply reversibility, grasp the concept of class inclusion, and do transformational thoughts | concrete operational |
| in the concrete operational stage, _________ is the ability to arrange objects in a logical order based on a particular characteristic | seriation |
| in the concrete operational stage, __________ is the ability to understand the relationship between elements in an order | transitivity |
| children should be able to use hypothetical-deductive reasoning in which stage? | formal operational |
| in which stage is abstract thinking observed? | formal operational |
| in what stage do we start to see systematic and scientific thinking | formal operational |
| in the formal operational stage, _________________ refers to the ability to think about concepts independently of experiences. | decontextualize |
| the scientific method development says that recognition ________ production | precedes |
| who created the idea of adolescent egocentrism? | elkind |
| the difficulty adolescent have differentiating their own thoughts from those of others is known as? | adolescent egocentrism |
| which kind of thinking do adults have that may not be logically correct, the best solution to real-life problems, and no objective absolute truth? | relativistic thinking |
| which kind of thinking includes detecting paradoxes and reconcile them | dialectical |
| one problem piaget had in his theories was that he continued to _____________ the abilities of children | underestimate |
| according to vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective, cognitive growth occurs in a _____________ context | sociocultural |
| according to vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective, cognitive development varies in different ________ | societies |
| in the zone of proximal development, ___________ refers to the guidance provided by an adult to help a learner accomplish a task that they would not be able to achieve independently | scaffolding |
| according to vygotsky, social speech is speech to a _____ | child |
| according to vygotsky, private speech is speech to one's ___ | self |
| according to vygotsky, the transition to inner speech is to the ____ | self |
| _______________ refers to patterns of thought connect with patterns of neural activity | neoconstructivism |
| what was the first tier fischer proposed in his dynamic skill framework? | reflexive |
| what was the second tier fischer proposed in his dynamic skill framework? | sensorimotor action |
| what was the third tier fischer proposed in his dynamic skill framework? | representations |
| what was the fourth tier fischer proposed in his dynamic skill framework? | abstractions |
| who proposed the idea that behavior emerges from interactions between person and context? | kurt fischer |
| pretend play starts at _ years old and blossoms between _-_ years old | 1; 2; 5 |
| in sensory registering, ________ refers to the brief nature of certain types of memory, particularly sensory memory and short-term memory | fleeting |
| in short-term memory, the ___________ loop is responsible for processing and storing verbal and auditory information. | phonological |
| in terms of short-term memory, ________ memory refers to the ability to temporarily store and recall specific personal experiences that occur in a particular context | episodic |
| true or false: long-term memory is relatively permanent | true |
| ________ , the first step in creating a memory, is the process by which information is transformed into a format that can be stored in the brain for later retrieval. | encoding |
| _____________, the second step in creating a memory, is the process by which short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories | consolidation |
| _______, the third step in creating a memory, is the process of maintaining information over time after it has been encoded | storage |
| ________, the fourth step in creating a new memory, is the process of bringing stored information back into conscious awareness when needed | retrieval |
| what type of memory retrieval is it when a person is given a prompt or cue to help them recall information? | cued recall memory |
| in long-term memory, ________ memory is unintentional and automatic | implicit |
| in long-term memory, ________ memory is deliberate and requires effort | explicit |
| semantic and episodic memory are examples of _______ memory | explicit |
| _______-_______ uses information-processing systems to achieve a goal or make a decision | problem-solving |
| which type of processing refers to the brain's ability to process multiple streams of information simultaneously? | parallel processing |
| an ____________ _______ is a built-in, unlearned stimulus | unconditioned stimulus |
| an ____________ _______ is an automatic, unlearned response | unconditioned response |
| a ___________ ________ is a stimulus which causes learned response | conditioned stimulus |
| a ___________ ________ is a learned response | conditioned response |
| _______ ____________ is the probability of behavior based on its consequences | operant conditioning |
| ________ _________ is where an individual reproduces a behavior they have observed at an earlier time | deferred imitation |
| what is it called when an organism becomes less responsive to a repeated stimulus over time? | habituation |
| pure recall is available by _ months of age | 9 |
| repeating something even when no changes are being made, continuing to use ineffective strategies is known as ____________ _______ | perservation efforts |
| what is the first stage to successful strategy use? | mediation deficiency |
| what is the second stage to successful strategy use? | production deficiency |
| what is the third stage to successful strategy use? | utilization deficiency |
| _________ is the knowledge of memory | metamemory |
| _________ is linked to improved memory | metamemory |
| scripts are typical sequences, available by age _ | 3 |
| true or false: older adults learn more slowly | true |
| by age __, your learned memory starts to decrease | 70 |
| Semantic memory for vocabulary increases until age __ | 65 |
| are deficiencies in knowledge base the source of memory problems? | no |
| ___ models how older adults may cope with and compensate for their diminishing cognitive resources | SOC |
| what does the S in SOC stand for? | selection |
| what does the O in SOC stand for? | optimization |
| what does the C in SOC stand for? | compensation |
| ________ memory involves the storage and retrieval of general knowledge about the world, facts, concepts, and meanings, independent of personal experiences | semantic |
Created by:
bellabarkley
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