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GRASSLANDS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What kinds of vegetation do grassland biomes contain? | grassland biomes are dominated by grasses and are mostly devoid of trees and shrubs. |
| Temperate grasslands are present in temperate climates. What kind of climate is this? | Temperate climates have a climate intermediate between tropical(very hot) and polar (very cold). |
| Where are tropical grasslands found? | warm or hot climates |
| What determines a grassland? | the amount of precipitation received |
| Where are grasslands found? | semi-arid areas which receive less than 35 inches of precipitation annually |
| Why do grasslands lack woody vegetation? | grazing herds and fire |
| What are two types of grasslands? | temperate and savannas |
| What is woody vegetation? | includes shrubs and trees but does not include herbs. |
| Which grassland has summers with temperature higher than 100 degrees and winters as low as -40 degrees? | Temperate |
| Which grassland has some of the most fertile soil on Earth? | Temperate |
| Because of the fertility of the soil, half of the grasslands have been converted to | agricultural land |
| Carbon storage is more efficient and reliable in grasslands compared to forests. Why? | most carbon in grassland plants is stored below the soil in roots, so dead vegetation does not release much carbon into the atmosphere when decaying, while trees contain large amounts of carbon above the soil |
| Grasslands recover quicker from disturbances like fire or drought than forests, allowing them to do what? | to return to carbon sequestering far earlier |
| What are the negative consequences of fragmentation on grasslands? | Prevents genetic material from being shared between plants Brings invasive species Limits the ability for grasslands to burn naturally |
| Why is it important to conserve topsoil to support vegetation? | the loss of topsoil and fertile land begins the process of desertification where vegetation can no longer thrive |
| Date of Farm Bill | 1933 |
| What did the Farm Bill include? | a land restoration program called the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program |
| Date of Granger-Thye Act | 1950 |
| Granger-Thye Act | allows the federal government to fund grazing programs |
| Migratory Bird Habitat Conservation Act Date | 1934 |
| Migratory Bird Habitat Conservation Act | also known as the Duck Stamp Act, gives 98 percent of Duck Stamp sales, of $25, to support habitat restoration |
| How do invasive species pose a threat to grasslands? | by limiting the amount of biodiversity |
| How can invasive species be controlled? | prescribed burns chemicals |
| How are chemicals used in grasslands? | used to discourage growth of exotic plants (invasive species) and promote growth of desired vegetation is important for management |
| Examples of invasive species in grasslands | thistles and leafy spurs |
| cover crops | planting off-season vegetation to bring nutrients like nitrogen to soil, provide habitats for pest-eating organisms, increase water retention and prevent soil erosion |
| Example of a cover crop | legumes which are commonly used to replenish nitrogen levels |
| rotational crops | planting different crops in an area each year |
| What are the benefits of rotational crops? | They help maintain functional soil nutrients |
| Sustainable grassland farming techniques | cover crops, rotational crops, no-till, rotational grazing |
| no-till technique | puncturing the ground just enough to insert seed to prevent soil erosion and increase water retention |
| rotational grazing | livestock will be allowed to access a section of land only until the grass becomes about three to four inches tall, then the land should be left to rest to allow the grass to grow back to a height of at least six inches |
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