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Body Sturcture chtp2
body organization, organ systems, anatomical position, body planes, cavities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | basic unit of life; perform vital body functions through: reproduction, respiration, metabolism and excretion; may be specialized(i.e. muscle cells for contraction; verve cells conduct electrical impulses) |
| Tissues | groups of cells working together for one purpose(Ex: neurons for nerve fibers); Types: Muscular, epithelial, connective, nervous |
| Histology | study of tissues |
| Muscular tissue | produces movement; voluntary: skeletal muscle; involuntary: cardiac and smooth (digestive organs) |
| epithelial tissue | lines organs; includes skin and mucous membranes |
| connective tissue | supports and protects body structures; includes adipose(fat) tissue, bone, blood, and cartilage |
| nervous tissue | conducts electrical impulses to and from the brain and body |
| Organs | groups of tissues working together for a common function(ex: cardiac muscle forms the heart) |
| Organ systems | groups of organs working together for a common function (ex: heart and blood vessels work together to form the cardiovascular system |
| Integumentary system | Function: protection, body temperature regulation Organs: skin, hair, nails, sebaceous(oil) glands Combining form: Dermat/o, Trich/o, Onych/o, Seb/o Medical Specialty: dermatology |
| Skeletal system | Function: framework for support Organs: bones, joints Combining form: Oste/o, Arthr/o Medical Specialty: orthopedics |
| Muscular system | Function: movement Organs: Muscles Combining form: My/o Medical Specialty: orthopedics |
| Cardiovascular system | Function: transport oxygen and nutrients to body via blood Organs: heart, blood, arteries, veins Combining form: Cardi/o, Hemat/o, Arteri/o, Ven/o Medical Specialty: cardiology, hematology, internal medicine |
| Respiratory system | Function: exchange of oxygen and CO2 Organs: lungs, bronchi, nose, larynx, pharynx Combining form: Pneum/o, Bronch/o, Rhin/o, Laryng/o, Pharyg/o Medical Specialty: pulmonolgy, orinolaryngology, interal medicine |
| Nervous/Special Senses system | Function: transmit electrical impulses to and from the brain and body Organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves, ear, eye Combining form: Encephal/o, Myel/o, Neur/o, Ot/o, Ocul/o; opt/o Medical Specialty: neurologist, neurosurgery, ophthalmology |
| Digestive system | Function: converts food into nutrients for energy Organs: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, gall bladder, pancreas Combining form: Or/o, Pharyng/o, Esophag/o, Gastr/o, Enter/o, Col/o, Hepat/o, Cholecyst/o, Pancreat/o |
| urinary system | Function: filters and excretes wastes from the blood Organs: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Combining form: Nephr/o, Ureter/o, Cyst/o, Urethr/o Medical Specialty: nephrology, urology |
| endocrine system | Function: glands secrete enzymes that help regulate metabolic processes Organs: pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal Combining form: Pancreat/o, Thyr/o, Pituit/o, Adren/o Medical Specialty: endocrinology |
| reproductive system | Function: reproduction Organs: Female: uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, ovaries, mamary glands; Male: testes, prostate, urethra, vas deferens Combining form: Ovar/o, Hyster/o, Salping/o, Vagin/o, Mamm/o, Orchid/o, Prostate/o, Urethr/o, Vas/o |
| Lymphatic system | Function: immunity Organs: spleen, lymph, thymus gland Combining form: Splen/o, Lymph/o, Thym/o Medical Specialty: immunology |
| Sagittal plane | divides body into left and right |
| midsagittal plane | divides into equal right and left |
| frontal(coronal) plane | divides into front and back (anterior and posterior) |
| transverse (horizontal) plane | divides into top and bottom (superior and inferior); cuts parallel to ground |
| superior or cephalic | toward the head; above |
| inferior or caudal | toward the feet or tail; below |
| anterior or ventral | near or on the front side of the body |
| posterior or dorsal | toward head; above |
| medial | middle or near the midline |
| lateral | to the side |
| proximal | closer to the point of attachment on the body |
| distal | farthest from the point of attachment of the body |
| superficial | towards the surface of the body |
| deep | away from the surface of the body |
| prone | body position lying horizontally and face down |
| supine | body position lying horizontally and face up |
| diaphram | a muscle used during respiration; separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| viscera | what internal organs are referred to as; lined with a visceral membrane |
| parietal membrane | what cavities are lined with |
| pleural membranes | what the membranes in he thoracic cavity are called; |
| peritoneal membranes | what membranes in the abdominoplevic cavity are called` |
| Dorsal cavity | includes the cranial and spinal cavities |
| ventral cavity | includes the thoracic, pericardial, and pleural cavities |
| abdominoplevic cavity | includes the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
| Cranial cavity | Major organs: brain; pituitary gland |
| Spinal Cavity | Major organs: spinal cord |
| Thoracic cavity | Major organs: lings; mediastinum: heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, aorta |
| pericardial cavity | Major organs: heart only |
| pleural cavity | Major organs: lungs only |
| abdominal cavity | Major organs: stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, some SI, and colon |
| pelvic cavity | Major organs: drinary bladder, ureters, urethra, some SI and colon; reproductive organs |
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