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Into to Nursing Health & Wellness, Vitamins, Nutrition, Geriatrics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | CHO - Made of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
| Carbon | C= |
| Hydrogen | H= |
| Oxygen | 0= |
| Carbohydrates - Functions | provide energy and fiber ; spare protein |
| Glucose | is the body's major source of energy |
| Carbohydrate digestion / End products of digestion | monosaccharides, primarily glucose, fructose, and galactose. (Mono meaning 1 ) -( Sac meaning Sugar - Molecule) |
| Liver converts | fructose and galactose to glucose which can be used for immediate energy or stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen (Fat) - (Stored like Frozen concept) |
| Simple Carbohydrates | monosaccharides and disaccharides - are classified as either monosaccharides (single sugar units) or disaccharides (two sugar units joined together) |
| Glucose /Monosaccharides | AKA blood sugar or dextrose most common sugar in the body - Sources of natural glucose are honey, fruits and some vegetables |
| Fructose/Monosaccharides | fruit sugar the sweetest simple sugar (not to good for you) honey fruits and seeds (HFCS) high fructose corn syrup is a commercial form |
| Galactose/Monosaccharides | typically not found freely in nature but is instead primarily found as a component of lactose, the sugar present in milk (Not Sweet) |
| Sucrose/Disaccharide | also known as table sugar, is the most common sweetener in the diet and is made up of two simpler sugars: fructose and glucose |
| Sucrose/Disaccharide - Conn.... | it goes by many different names depending on its processing and source, including granulated sugar, brown sugar, and confectioner's sugar |
| Lactose/Disaccharide | also known as milk sugar, is a disaccharide found in milk that's made up of the simple sugars glucose and galactose: |
| Maltose/Disaccharide | sugar that is found in many grains and is also known as malt sugar . It is formed when starch is broken down by enzyme. product of the brewing process for beer and other malt-containing beverages. |
| Complex carbohydrates" and "polysaccharides | (Poly - Meaning Many) - are essentially the same thing, meaning long chains of sugar molecules (monosaccharides) linked Together. |
| Complex carbohydrates" and "polysaccharides Conn... | most complex form of carbohydrates; exp's: include starch, glycogen, dextrin, fructans, and fiber. Found in plants |
| Starches | Grains, roots, bulbs, legumes, tubers, and seeds are all parts of plants that can be used for food or other purposes, and they have a variety of uses and characteristics: |
| Fiber | consuming 20 to 35 grams of fiber per day is considered the recommended amount to provide adequate "roughage" (or fiber) in your diet, as it helps with digestion by adding bulk to stool and promoting regularity. Lowers Cholesterol |
| Fructans | are naturally occurring carbohydrates found in many whole foods, including onions, bananas, and wheat, and they can be beneficial for gut health: |
| Glycogen | a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a primary storage form of energy in humans, animals, fungi, and bacteria |
| Dextrin | a generic term for a group of carbohydrates that are produced by heating starch in the presence of moisture and acid |
| Vitamin K | a fat-soluble vitamin that's essential for blood clotting, bone health, and cardiovascular health. |
| Proteins | indeed complex molecules made up of chains of individual units called amino acids, which are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
| Proteins Conn.... | produce repair all major body constituents - help maintain the body fluid balance and acid-base balance |
| Proteins Conn... | key component of the body's immune system - can be converted to glucose and burn for energy |
| Proteins Pepsin | an enzyme that breaks down proteins into polypeptides and other components: |
| Proteins - Maintain fluid balance | blood proteins albumin and globulins help keep extracellular fluids where they belong |
| Proteins - Immune Function | both antibodies and hormones, including thyroid hormone and insulin, are made from proteins |
| Amino acids | amino acids are considered the building blocks of proteins, and while there are 22 known amino acids, 9 of them are classified as essential, meaning the human body cannot synthesize them and must obtain them through diet. |
| Amino acids conn... | essential amino acids must be consumed through diet because the body cannot produce them on its own |
| Amino acids conn... | nonessential amino acids can be synthesized by the body, meaning the body can produce them internally and does not need to |
| Nine amino acids, | histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine, are classified as essential amino acids because they cannot be synthesized by human or other mammalian cells. |
| Vitamin D | a fat-soluble vitamin that helps the body absorb calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, which are important for bone health. Vitamin D also helps with muscle movement, nerve function, and the immune system. |
| Anorexia | is self-starvation. This disorder mainly affects females between 14 and 18 years of age. A person with anorexia has such an intense fear of becoming fat that she hardly eats anything and becomes dangerously thin |
| Iodine | some good sources of iodine: Iodized salt convenient and affordable way to get iodine, with just over half a teaspoon providing the recommended daily intake (RDI). |
| Vitamins A, C, E, and K, | Green leafy vegetables are rich in many nutrients, |
| Good Samaritan law | is a legal principle that protects people who help others in emergencies without expecting compensation. The law's purpose is to encourage people to intervene in emergencies without fear of being sued |
| Slander | is a legal term that refers to the act of making a false statement about someone, usually orally, with the intent to harm their reputation. |
| Maslow's hierarchy | of needs is a theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an individual's behavior. Those needs are physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs |
| Triglycerides | Triglycerides are fats made up of glycerol and three fatty acid -the liver can make triglycerides from excess carbohydrates, protein, and fat: |
| Unsaturated | Unsaturated fats can add more hydrogen to their molecular structure through a process called hydrogenation; this |
| Saturated | Saturated fats are considered "saturated" because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible, meaning they have a full complement of hydrogen atoms attached to their carbon chains, with no double bonds present. |
| Vitamin B 1 | thiamin, is essential for glucose metabolism and healthy nerve, muscle, and heart function. |
| Vitamin B2 | also known as riboflavin a water-soluble vitamin that helps the body function and stay healthy |
| Vitamin B3 | Niacin has been used as a supplement to lower cholesterol and the risk of certain types of heart disease. It may also have an impact on high ... |
| Vitamin B5 | is a water-soluble B vitamin that's essential for many bodily functions - helps maintain healthy skin, hair, and nails. |
| Vitamin B6 | is a water-soluble micronutrient that's essential for the body's proper functioning: Vitamin B6 is involved in over 100 enzymatic reactions that help metabolize sugars, fats, and proteins. |
| vitamin B7 | A deficiency in biotin can cause thinning hair and a rash on the face. helps metabolize fats, carbohydrates, and protein. It also helps maintain healthy hair, skin, nails, and nervous system. Biotin is found in foods like eggs, milk, and bananas. |
| Vitamin B9 | Also known as folate or folic acid, Red blood cell production: body produce healthy red blood cells. Brain function: is important for proper brain function and mental health. DNA and RNA production: Vitamin B9 helps produce DNA and RNA, the body's |
| Vitamin B12 | Also known as cobalamin, DNA synthesis: Vitamin B12 helps make DNA, the genetic material in all cells Red blood cell formation: Vitamin B12 helps form red blood cells Nerve function: Vitamin B12 helps maintain a healthy nervous system |
| Tort | is a civil wrong that causes harm to another person or their property, and results in legal liability for the person who committed the act. Tort law is the body of rules that address how to remedy the harm caused by a person's |
| Liable | obligated according to law or equity |
| Justice | the quality of being just, impartial, or fair. |
| Beneficence | is a moral obligation to act in a way that benefits others, promotes their well-being, and protects their legitimate interests |
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caspermann
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