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Life Science Exam 2
Content from the Chapter 8 Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What process produces new alleles? | Mutation |
| What macromolecule is usually made from the genetic instructions in DNA? | Protein |
| Why is a mammalian eye cell different from a tongue cell? | Different combinations of the available genes are used |
| How do mutations affect genetic diversity in a population? | Mutations produce different versions of genes |
| What relationship exists between genes and chromosomes? | Genes are carried on chromosomes |
| What is a mistake that is made during copying of genetic information? | Mutation |
| During which process do gametes fuse together? | Fertilization |
| What is the growth and reproduction of an individual called? | Life cycle |
| What is the correct sequence for the start of an organism's life cycle? | Meiosis → fertilization → zygote → embryo |
| If an organism's chromosomal DNA is like an instruction manual, what instructions do cells receive from genes? | Make specific proteins from amino acids |
| In the DNA instruction manual, what do typographical errors represent as the DNA manual is rewritten? | Mutations |
| According to the Punnett square diagram, how many different genotypes are possible for this cross? | 3 |
| n "American Albino" horses, the albinism allele A resulting in a snow-white coat is dominant over the allele for a darker coat color, a. What genotype is found in a dark-colored horse? | aa |
| Cystic fibrosis is caused by the recessive allele, f. What percentage of possible offspring would develop cystic fibrosis from a mating of two parents with Ff genotypes? | 25% |
| If parents with genotypes Gg have one child with a recessive genetic disorder, gg, what is the chance that their second child will develop the genetic disorder? | 25% |
| Congenital hypothyroidism is caused by the dominant allele H. If a man with Hh mates with an unaffected woman with hh, what percentage of possible offspring will develop congenital hypothyroidism? | 50% |
| In humans, the allele for wet earwax, W, is dominant over the allele for dry earwax, w. If a man with wet earwax and a woman with dry earwax have one child with dry earwax, what is the chance of a second child having dry earwax? | 50% |
| If purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) in pea plants, which cross would produce only purple flowers in the offspring? | PP × PP |
| How many different gametes can be made by an individual with the genotype AaBb? | 4 |
| What type of inheritance includes the AB blood type, in which both A and B alleles are expressed? | Codominance |
| What type of inheritance occurs when a pink rose results from a cross between a red-colored rose and a white-colored rose? | Incomplete dominance |
| Why is a sickle cell allele considered incompletely dominant? | Mutant sickle-cell proteins are still produced in carriers |
| Which blood type does NOT have sugars on the surface of the red blood cells? | Type O |
| What parental blood type would not be able to produce a child with type O blood? | AB |
| What blood type would a child with the genotype IAi have? | A |
| Which blood type would be compatible with any ABO transfusion? | Type AB |
| A patient with which blood type can donate blood to anyone? | Type O |
| A woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a baby with type O blood. What are the genotypes of the woman and the man? | IAi and IBi |
| A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. Which type of blood could the child have? | Type A or type B |
| What is the ability of a gene to cause multiple effects on a phenotype? | Pleiotropy |
| The loss of myelin due to adrenoleukodystrophy causes multiple effects in several organs. What process results from the effects of a single gene loss? | Pleiotropy |
| In which group can sex-linked traits be expressed? | Either males or females |
| Which offspring would receive a Y-linked trait from their affected father? | Only his sons |
| Which offspring will receive a harmful allele for an X-linked trait from a man who carries the allele? | All of his daughters |
| In humans, what ordinarily determines the sex of the offspring? | Sex chromosome carried by the sperm cell |
| In addition to autosomes, what is contained in a human sperm cell? | Either an X or a Y chromosome |
| What types and numbers of chromosomes are found in humans? | One pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes |
| According to the Punnett square diagram, what percentage of possible male offspring could have adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) if the father has ALD and the mother is unaffected? | 0% |
| According to the Punnett square diagram, what percentage of possible male offspring would be unaffected by adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) if the father is unaffected by ALD and the mother is a carrier of ALD | 25% |
| What diagram is a family tree showing the inheritance of a genetic trait over many generations? | Pedigree |
| On a pedigree chart, what symbol would represent a son with a genetic disorder? | A shaded square |
| What does a half-shaded circle represent on a pedigree chart? | A female carrier of the genetic condition |
| Polydactyly is a dominant trait. What symbol on a pedigree chart represents a male with polydactyly? | a shaded square |
Created by:
FaithMcBaith
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