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Anatomy & Physiology

Module 1

TermDefinition
Structural Organization of the Body Human body is organized into structural and functional levels of increasing complexity.
Levels of Organization Each higher level incorporates the structures and functions of the previous level. 1. Chemical Level 2. Cellular Level 3. Tissue Level 4. Organ Level 5. System Level 6. Organism
Chemical All living matter is derived from chemicals which included atoms; the smallest unit of matter) and molecules.
Cellular The cell is the basic unit of life, each of many types of cells found within the human body is made of chemicals and carries out specific chemical reactions
Tissue A group of cells with similar structure & function
Organs Organ is a group of tissues precisely arranged to accomplish a specific function. Some of these organs are kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, etc.
Organ System An organ system is a group of organs contributing to a particular function.
Organism All of the systems make up the individual person or organism
All of these levels function together to keep us alive and maintaining _______________ Homeostasis
Homeostasis Helps the body maintain stable internal environment.
Homeostasis works through _____________ Feedback mechanisms
Feedback Without this, homeostasis can't occur. This means an organism loses the ability to self-regulate its body.
Negative Feedback Loops Works against the change occurring in the body
Example of Negative Feedback Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin or regulation of body temperature.
Positive Feedback Loops Works with the change occurring in the body
Example of Positive Feedback Uterine contractions during birth, blood clotting.
Feedback Systems Main Goal To restore or maintain homeostasis, but in different ways.
The two major body cavities Ventral (front) cavity Doral (back) cavity
Ventral Body Cavity (further divided into two main cavities, which are separated by the diaphragm) 1. Thoracic 2. Abdominopelvic
Thoracic a. Mediastinum -Midportion of the thoracic cavity -Heart and respiratory structures are located here b. Pleural -Right lung (right pleural cavity -Left lung (left pleural cavity)
Abdominopelvic a. Abdominal -Stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen are located here. b. Pelvic -Reproductive, urinary bladder and tlowest part of the intestine are located here
Abdominopelvic quadrants 4 Quadrants: Right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrat
Abdominopelvic regions 9 Regions: 9 Regions: Right hypochondriac, right lumbar (flank, right iliac (inguinal), epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric (pubic), left hypochondriac, left lumbar (flank), left iliac (inguinal)
Dorsal Body Cavity (further divided into two main cavities) 1. Cranial 2. Spinal
Cranial The brain and space inside the skull are located here
Spinal The spine and space within the spinal column are located here
Created by: CherryBombs1500
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