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cytosol?
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small subunits of ribosomes?
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CTG

Cells, Tissues and Genetics PT2 - 1/10/24

QuestionAnswer
cytosol? water, sugar, salts, proteins, ions and amino acids
small subunits of ribosomes? align amino acids, 18s rRNA
large subunits of ribosomes? catalyse peptide bond formation, 28s 5.8s and 5s rRNA
when do subunits of ribosomes join? during protein synthesis
what makes ribosomal units? rRNA and cytoplasmic proteins combined in the nucleus
what is formed when rRNA and cytoplasmic proteins are combined in the nucleus? ribosomal units
where are the ribosomal units transported? cytoplasm through NPCs
what is synthesised on cytoplasmic ribosomes? ribosomal proteins
where are the ribosomal proteins transported to? nucleolus
what do ribosomal proteins combine with in the nucleolus? rRNA
when ribosomal proteins and rRNA combine in the nucleus what is formed? pre-ribosomal particles
how is rRNA synthesised? RNA polymerase II in the nucleolus
what occurs when ribosomal proteins and rRNAs combine? maturation
what indicates a single endosymbiotic event in eukaryotes? cytochrome-c-oxidase
what is in the mitochondrial matrix? DNA, ribosomes and enzymes
how do mitochondria divide? binary fission
functions of the endomembrane system? protein synthesis/ modification intra/inter cellular transport of proteins metabolism and movement of lipids detoxificatioon of pathogens cell growth
cisternae? fluid filled spaces between membranes in the ER
functions of the ER? transport intra/inter cellular protein synthesis and modification lipid synthesis storage of biomolecules
where do proteins go in the RER? RER lumen to be modified
what do RER lumen contain? enzymes for glycosylation
what is RER important for? production of new plasma membrane and plasma membrane proteins
functions of SER? lipid synthesis metabolism of carbohydrates detoxification of drugs and poisons storage of calcium ions
how does the SER detoxify drugs and poisons addition of OH
formation of golgi? ER vesicles fuse to make flattened stacks (cisternae)
describe cisternae in golgi discrete and proteins mature as they move through
how does the golgi have directionality? proteins received from the ER at cis face move through medial cisternae sorted and shipped at trans face
functions of golgi? processing proteins assembly glycoproteins transportation and storage of lipids formation of lysosomes storage and transport of digestive enzymes secretion of carbs for plant cell wall synthesis formation of secretory vesicles
the cisternal maturation model refers to what? golgi
each cisterna contains what? enzymes needed to modify macromolecules
what happens in the cisterna when proteins and lipids progress modified
how is transportation to the correct place in the golgi cisternae ensured? molecular identification tags eg P added at trans face
why are molecular identification tags eg P added at trans face? to ensure transportation to the correct place
what do lysosomes have? hydrolytic enzymes working at low pH
functions of lysosomes? digestion of work out organelles phagocytosis exocytosis autolysis / autophagy
what is the endocytic pathway referring to? lysosomes
what does the endocytic pathway do? transfers macromolecules from the extracellular to intracellular environments
what happens to extracellular material? endocytosed and transported to early endosome
what happens to pH in the early endosome to the late endosome? decreases
pH decreases during the endocytic pathway where? from early endosome to late endosome
what fuses to the late endosome in the endocytic pathway? lysosome
what does the lysosome fuse with in the endocytic pathway? late endosome
what does the endolysosome do? release enzymes
why is a small leakage from lysosomes not damaging to cells? cytosolic pH is high
Created by: cowcow
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