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Topic 3
Chemical Reactions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Colloid | a mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out |
suspension | a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration |
solution | a mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute that has the same properties throughout; a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another |
solvent | the part of a solution that is usually present in the largest amount and dissolves a solute |
solute | the part of a solution that is dissolved by a solvent |
solubility | a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature |
reactant | a substance that enters into a chemical reaction |
product | a substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
exothermic reaction | a reaction that releases energy, usually in the form of heat |
endothermic reaction | a reaction that absorbs energy |
law of conservation of mass | the principle that the total amount of matter remains the same; regardless of any chemical or physical change |
open system | a system in which matter can enter from or escape to its surroundings |
closed system | a system in which no matter is allowed to enter or leave |
synthesis reaction | when two or more elements or compounds combine to make a more complex substance |
decomposition reaction | opposite of synthesis reaction where compounds break down into simpler products |
replacement reaction | one element replaces another element in a compound, or if two elements in different compounds trade places |
synthetic | created or manufactured by humans; not found occurring in nature |
natural resource | anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use |
polymer | a long chain of molecules made up of repeating units |
alkaline earth metal | an element that has some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals |
metalloid | an element that has some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals |
transition metals | elements in Groups 3-12 of the periodic table; most are hard and shiny solids, good conductors, and malleable |
noble gas | an element in Group 18 of the periodic table; do not form compounds and are nonreactive |
alkali metals | Group 1 of the periodic table; most reactive metals |
metal | a class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity |
nonmetal | an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal |
group | elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a family |
atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
periodic table | an arrangement of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties |
atomic mass | the average mass of all the isotopes of an element |
chemical symbol | a one or two letter representation of an element; first letter is always capitalized while any letters that follow are lowercase |
halogen | an element in Group 17 of the periodic table; means "salt forming"; very reactive |