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AP2_Term2_StudyStack
Basic Concept of Economic
Term | Definition |
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Demand | The quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices during a given period. |
Quantity Demanded | The specific amount of a good or service consumers are willing to buy at a particular price. |
Law of Demand | The principle that, all else equal, an increase in the price of a good or service will decrease the quantity demanded, and vice versa. |
Demand Curve | A graphical representation showing the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded. |
Market Demand | The total quantity demanded across all consumers in a market for a given good or service. |
Substitute Goods | Goods that can be used in place of each other; an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in the demand for the other. |
Complementary Goods | Goods that are used together; an increase in the price of one leads to a decrease in the demand for the other. |
Supply | The quantity of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at various prices during a given period. |
Quantity Supplied | The specific amount of a good or service that producers are willing to sell at a particular price. |
Law of Supply | The principle that, all else equal, an increase in the price of a good or service will increase the quantity supplied, and vice versa. |
Supply Curve | A graphical representation showing the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied. |
Market Supply | The total quantity supplied across all producers in a market for a given good or service. |
Equilibrium Price | The price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. |
Surplus | A situation in which the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at a given price. |
Shortage | A situation in which the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied at a given price. |
Price Ceiling | A maximum allowable price set by the government, below the equilibrium price, leading to shortages. |
Elasticity of Demand | A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in price. |
Elasticity of Supply | A measure of how much the quantity supplied of a good responds to a change in price. |
Market Equilibrium | The state in which market supply and demand balance each other, resulting in stable prices. |
Economics | The study of how people choose to use resources to satisfy their wants and needs. |
Scarcity | The condition of having to choose among alternatives due to limited resources. |
Opportunity Cost | The value of the next best alternative that is forgone when making a choice. |
Factors of Production | Resources used to produce goods and services, including land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. |
Land | Natural resources used in the production of goods and services. |
Labor | Human effort, including physical and mental, used in the production process. |
Capital | Manufactured goods used to produce other goods and services. |
Entrepreneurship | The ability to combine land, labor, and capital to create goods and services. |
Command Economy | An economic system in which the government makes all decisions about production and consumption. |
Mixed Economy | An economic system that combines elements of both market and command economies. |
Microeconomics | The study of individual economic units, such as households and firms. |
Macroeconomics | The study of the economy as a whole, including issues like inflation, unemployment, and economic growth. |