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Life Science Exam 4
Content Based on Review Questions (Chapter 18)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Which tissue type lines the intestines and helps in the absorption of nutrients? | epithelial |
| What are similar cells that are grouped together and perform a common function called? | tissues |
| Which tissue type in the human body is often exposed to air? | epithelial |
| Which tissue type includes fat and blood? | connective |
| What type of matrix does adipose (fat) tissue exhibit? | viscous |
| What are the cells that make up loose connective tissue? | fibroblasts |
| What is a function of loose connective tissue? | to hold organs in place |
| When stored fat is used for energy, what happens to adipose cells in the body? | They become smaller |
| Which cellular component of blood helps in clotting? | platelets |
| Which cells make up cartilage? | chondrocytes |
| Why does cigarette smoke cause a smoker's skin to wrinkle over time? | The connection between skin and the underlying muscle is weakened |
| Which connective tissue has a liquid matrix? | blood |
| Besides structural support for the body, what function do bones serve? | They donate certain minerals when dietary levels are insufficient |
| How do striated and smooth muscles differ? | Striated muscle has a banding pattern under the microscope, but smooth muscle doesn't |
| Over time, how do skeletal muscle cells respond to regular weight-lifting exercise? | They get larger, making the overall muscle bigger |
| What type of tissues can be transplanted from one person to another to reconstruct damaged joints? | cartilage |
| How do the protein fibers compare between loose and fibrous connective tissues? | loosely woven in loose connective tissues, densely packed in fibrous connective tissues |
| Which tissue type in the human body is exposed directly to the bloodstream? | epithelial |
| Which type of cell protects the body from the potentially harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation? | epithelial |
| How often does the replacement of the epidermis occur? | every 4-6 weeks |
| Fibroblasts are to fibrous connective tissue as ________ are to cartilage | chondrocytes |
| In what type of tissue would platelets be found? | connective tissue |
| What material provides the internal, flexible support of the ear? | connective tissue |
| What is responsible for voluntary movement? | conscious thought and striated muscle |
| Which action is an example of voluntary muscle contraction? | a push-up |
| What substance does the liver filter from the blood? | toxins |
| What activity of the liver makes it an accessory organ of the digestive system? | production of bile |
| Unlike most organs, which donated organ can be cut into smaller sections and transplanted eventually growing back to full size in both the donor and recipient? | liver |
| Which disease affects the liver and could lead to liver failure? | hepatitis C |
| What is the correct sequence of bodily organization, from simple to complex? | cells—tissues—organs—organ systems—organism |
| What are the cells that make up the liver? | hepatocytes |
| Which statement describes organs? | Failure of an individual organ can affect an entire organ system |
| What does homeostasis allow an organism to do? | maintain a constant internal environment |
| If an organism's body temperature is controlled through negative feedback, how then would the body temperature change if the surrounding air temperature increases? | The body temperature would stay the same |
| If an organism's body temperature is controlled through positive feedback, then when the outside temperature increased, the organism would respond by taking steps to ________ the organism's body temperature | increase |
| Contraction of the uterus during childbirth results in additional contractions. This is an example of which form of feedback control? | positive feedback |
| How does a human respond to a high body temperature? | Blood vessels near the skin dilate |
| Why are there more tissues available for transplant than organs? | Tissues can be frozen and preserved, but organs deteriorate quickly without nourishment from oxygen and blood |
| What organ is stimulated by insulin, released by the pancreas, to convert glucose into glycogen? | liver |
| Which organ isn't able to be transplanted from a donor to a recipient? | a brain |
| To increase blood glucose levels, what hormone is secreted by the pancreas to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose? | glucagon |
| Lizards are unable to physiologically control their body temperature. How then do they warm up on a cold day? | by basking in a sunny location |
| What cells transmit signals to and from the brain? | neurons |
| Why are people who have suffered a fatal cardiac arrest more likely to be tissue donors? | Their organs may deteriorate due to the lack of oxygen |
| What is the advantage of growing or printing an organ from the recipient's own cells over transplanting an organ from a donor? | It can decrease the risk of rejection by the immune system |
| What is considered to be the matrix of blood? | plasma |
| If the spinal cord becomes damaged, why doesn't it simply repair itself? | Most cells of the nervous system do not divide |
Created by:
FaithMcBaith
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