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Chapter 1 Exam

Anatomy & Physiology - Kaelin

TermDefinition
X-Ray Electromagnetic radiation moves through body and is exposed on photographic plate; creates radiograph
Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI Radio waves directed to patient while under electromagnetic field; radio waves collected and analyzed by computer.
Computed Tomography CT Computer-analyzed x-ray images.
Positron Emission Tomography PET Radioactively labeled glucose usage by a tissue is detected; provides info on metabolic state.
Digital Subtraction Angiography DSA Similar to a CT scan but uses a radiopaque dye to enhance differences in areas.
Ultrasound Sound waves pass into body and bounce back to receiver; visualized as a sonogram.
Integumentary System Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D.
Skeletal System Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat.
Muscular System Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat.
Nervous System A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.
Endocrine System A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.
Cardiovascular System Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature.
Lymphatic System Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract.
Respiratory System Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulated blood pH.
Digestive System Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
Urinary System Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.
Female Reproductive System Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.
Male Reproductive System Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
Which serous membrane surrounds the heart? Pericardium
Which serous membrane surrounds many abdominal organs? Peritoneum
Which serous membrane surrounds the lungs and line the thoracic cavity? Pleura
Which of the following is most consistent with homeostasis? Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to increase, which in turn, causes cells to take up glucose.
Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis? As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body.
In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector doeswhat? Reverses the original stimulus.
Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback mechanism? Stabilizer
Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? Composed of atoms
Which directional term describes one structure as being above another? Superior
Which directional term describes one structure as being away from the surface or internal? Deep
Which directional term describes one structure as being below another? Inferior
Which directional term describes one structure as being toward or on the surface? Superficial
Which directional term describes one structure as being forward? Anterior
Which directional term describes one structure as being away from the midline of the body? Lateral
Which directional term refers to the back of the body? Posterior
Which directional term refers to a structure that is toward the midline of the body? Medial
Which directional term refers to a structure that is closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure? Proximal
Which directional term refers to a structure that is farther from the point of attachment to the body than another structure? Distal
A poison produced by a living organism Toxin
A disease that has a sudden onset and a relatively short duration (less than 3 months) Acute disease
The study of disease and a collective term for the signs and symptoms of a disease Pathology
Any substance taken into the body that disturbs normal physiology Poison
A disease that has a slow onset and relatively long duration (more than 3 months) Chronic disease
The number of people in a population who have a disease at a given moment in time or in a given time interval Prevalence
The rate of death from a particular disease in a population Mortality
The incidence or prevalence of a disease in a population Morbidity
Anything that occupies space and has mass Matter
The amount of matter in an object Mass
The gravitational force acting on an object of a given mass Weight
The simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties; composed of atoms of only one kind Element
The smallest particle of an element that has chemical characteristics of that element Atom
Which of the following is not one of the four most common elements of the body? Sodium, chloride, and calcium
Which of the following refers to the number of protons in each atom? Atomic number
Which of the following refers to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons? Mass number
Which of the following refers to the average mass of naturally occurring isotopes? Atomic mass
Which of the following refers to two or more forms of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons but different neutron numbers? Isotope
During the formation of NaCl, sodium donates an electron to chlorine. This makes sodium a Cation
Which ion is an important part of blood clotting, muscle contractions, and the release of neruotrasnmitters? Calcium
Which ion assists in red blood cell formation? Iron
Which ion functions in energy exchange and acid base balance? Phosphate
Which ion only helps with acid-base balance within the body? Bicarbonate
Which of the following correctly describes H2O2? Molecule AND Compound
The diagram shows how water can adhere to the xylem in the stem of plants which contributes to water movement in the plant. Which of the following best explains how water is able to move upward from the roots of a plant, through its xylem & out to leaves? Water and the xylem are both polar. Water molecules have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other and with the walls of the xylem.
Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which of the following best explains how the properties of water contribute to this physiological process? The high heat vaporization of water allows the body to remove excess heat through a phase change of water from liquid to gas.
Which of the following best describes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates? The addition of a water molecules breaks a covalent bond between sugar monomers
Which of the following describes the loss of an electron by an atom? Oxidation
Which of the following describes the gain of an electron by an atom? Reduction
The minimum energy reactants must have to start a chemical reaction is referred to as.... Activation energy
Calcium iodide is a salt comprised of calcium and iodine. Calcium has an electronegativity of 1 and iodine has an electronegativity of 2.66. What type of bond will calcium and iodine form? Ionic
Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon, consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Carbon has an electronegativity of 2.55 and hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.2. What type of bond will carbon form with hydrogen? Nonpolar covalent
What affects the length of the carbon chain and the shape of the molecule? (Select all that apply) The type of covalent bonds carbon forms and the number of covalent bonds carbon forms with other atoms
Which of the following is a carbohydrate? Aldotriose
A new carbohydrate has crash landed to Earth. A single monomer of this carbohydrate contains 16 oxygen. What is the molecular formula of this carbohydrate? C16H32O16
Which of the following is used as storage for excess glucose in plants? Starch
Which of the following is used as storage for excess glucose in animals? Glycogen
Which of the following forms plant cell walls? Cellulose
Which of the following forms the exoskeletons of arthropods? Chitin
Which of the following is not one of the components of an amino acid? Carbonyl group
If 30% of the nucleotides in a single-stranded RNA molecule are adenine, then what percent are expected to be thymine? 30%
If a sample of DNA is found to be 22% adenine, what percentage of the sample would be cytosine? 28%
Which of the following is not a function of proteins? Assists in the removal of wastes from the body
Which of the following correctly describes the linear chain of amino acids? Primary structure
Which of the following correctly describes the coils and folds due to hydrogen bonding within the polypeptide backbone? Secondary structure
Which of the following correctly describes the 3D folding due to interactions between the side chains of the amino acids? Tertiary structure
Which of the following correctly describes the association of two or more polypeptides? Quaternary structure
Which of the following is found in DNA only? Deoxyribose
Identify the following fat as saturate or unsaturated (picture) Saturated
Which of the following correctly describes a phospholipid? The phosphate head is hydrophilic and the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic
Which of the following encloses the nucleus? Nuclear envelope
Which of the following synthesizes proteins? Ribosomes
Which of the following contains ribosomes attached to its membrane and functions to create proteins? Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following synthesizes lipids and detoxifies the cell? Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following modifies proteins, sorts materials, and adds molecular tags to vesicles? Golgi complex
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes? Lysosome
Which of the following creates ATP? Mitochondria
Which of the following assists in cellular division? Centrosomes
Which of the following proteins are microtubules comprised of? Tubulin
Which of the following explains the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane? During high temperatures it reduces membrane movement and during low temperatures it reduces the tight packing of phospholipids
Which of the following membrane components is amphipathic? Integral proteins
Which of the following correctly describes the plasma membrane? Semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer
Which of the following does not easily diffuse across the membrane? H2O
Which of the following does not need a rpotein to pass through the membrane? CO2
Chamber A contains 40% helium and Chamber B contains 20% helium. Chambers are connected by a tube the molecules are free to cross. Which of the following will occur? Some helium will move from chamber B to chamber A
In the illustrated example, water will... Move from left to right
In the illustrated example, solute will... Not move
Which of the following are-is not utilized in active transport? Channel proteins
The sodium-potassium ion pump will... Pump three sodium ions out of the cell for every two ions of potassium it brings into the cell
Which of the following is the function of the ATP in regard to the sodium-potassium pump? ATP causes a conformational change in the pump
Cotransport pairs a ____ movement with a ____ movement. Unfavorable, favorable
Which of the following is also referred to as a "cell-drinking"? Pinocytosis
Which of the following is also referred to as a "cell-eating"? Phagocytosis
The secretion of molecules via vesicles that fuse to the plasma membrane is known as... Exocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis allows the cell to take up large quantities of a specific substance True
If you soak your hands in dishwater, you may notice that you skin absorbs water and swells into wrinkles. This is because your skin cells are in a ____ solution? Hypertonic
Based on what you know of tonicity, the most likely explanation is that the unfortunate fish went from a ____ solution to a ______ solution. Hypertonic, isotonic
Sea water is dangerous to drink because... Sea water is isotonic to your body fluid, and you will absorb too much water
Which of the following is the correct order of DNA condensation? Nucleosome --> DNA --> Chromatin --> Chromosome
Which protein does DNA wrap around in order to condense? Histone
Which of the following has singular, circular DNA? Eukaryotes
Which of the following is a characteristic of a gamete? Haploid
Which of the following encloses the nucleus? Nuclear envelope
Which of the following synthesizes proteins? Ribosomes
Which of the following contains ribosomes attached to its membrane and functions to create proteins? Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following synthesizes lipids and detoxifies the cell? Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following modifies proteins, sorts materials, and adds molecular tags to vesicles? Golgi complex
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes? Lysosome
Which of the following creates ATP? Mitochondria
Which of the following assists in cellular division? Centrosomes
Which of the following proteins are microtubules comprised of? Tubulin
Which of the following explains the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane? During high temperatures it reduces membrane movement and during low temperatures it reduces the tight packing of phospholipids
Which of the following membrane components is amphipathic? Integral proteins
Which of the following correctly describes the plasma membrane? Semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer
Which of the following does not easily diffuse across the membrane? H2O
Which of the following does not need a rpotein to pass through the membrane? CO2
Chamber A contains 40% helium and Chamber B contains 20% helium. Chambers are connected by a tube the molecules are free to cross. Which of the following will occur? Some helium will move from chamber B to chamber A
In the illustrated example, water will... Move from left to right
In the illustrated example, solute will... Not move
Which of the following are-is not utilized in active transport? Channel proteins
The sodium-potassium ion pump will... Pump three sodium ions out of the cell for every two ions of potassium it brings into the cell
Which of the following is the function of the ATP in regard to the sodium-potassium pump? ATP causes a conformational change in the pump
Cotransport pairs a ____ movement with a ____ movement. Unfavorable, favorable
Which of the following is also referred to as a "cell-drinking"? Pinocytosis
Which of the following is also referred to as a "cell-eating"? Phagocytosis
The secretion of molecules via vesicles that fuse to the plasma membrane is known as... Exocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis allows the cell to take up large quantities of a specific substance True
If you soak your hands in dishwater, you may notice that you skin absorbs water and swells into wrinkles. This is because your skin cells are in a ____ solution? Hypertonic
Based on what you know of tonicity, the most likely explanation is that the unfortunate fish went from a ____ solution to a ______ solution. Hypertonic, isotonic
Sea water is dangerous to drink because... Sea water is isotonic to your body fluid, and you will absorb too much water
Which of the following is the correct order of DNA condensation? Nucleosome --> DNA --> Chromatin --> Chromosome
Which protein does DNA wrap around in order to condense? Histone
Which of the following has singular, circular DNA? Eukaryotes
Which of the following is a characteristic of a gamete?
Which of the following encloses the nucleus? Nuclear envelope
Which of the following synthesizes proteins? Ribosomes
Which of the following contains ribosomes attached to its membrane and functions to create proteins? Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following synthesizes lipids and detoxifies the cell? Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following modifies proteins, sorts materials, and adds molecular tags to vesicles? Golgi complex
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes? Lysosome
Which of the following creates ATP? Mitochondria
Which of the following assists in cellular division? Centrosomes
Which of the following proteins are microtubules comprised of? Tubulin
Which of the following explains the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane? During high temperatures it reduces membrane movement and during low temperatures it reduces the tight packing of phospholipids
Which of the following membrane components is amphipathic? Integral proteins
Which of the following correctly describes the plasma membrane? Semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer
Which of the following does not easily diffuse across the membrane? H2O
Which of the following does not need a rpotein to pass through the membrane? CO2
Chamber A contains 40% helium and Chamber B contains 20% helium. Chambers are connected by a tube the molecules are free to cross. Which of the following will occur? Some helium will move from chamber B to chamber A
In the illustrated example, water will... Move from left to right
In the illustrated example, solute will... Not move
Which of the following are-is not utilized in active transport? Channel proteins
The sodium-potassium ion pump will... Pump three sodium ions out of the cell for every two ions of potassium it brings into the cell
Which of the following is the function of the ATP in regard to the sodium-potassium pump? ATP causes a conformational change in the pump
Cotransport pairs a ____ movement with a ____ movement. Unfavorable, favorable
Which of the following is also referred to as a "cell-drinking"? Pinocytosis
Which of the following is also referred to as a "cell-eating"? Phagocytosis
The secretion of molecules via vesicles that fuse to the plasma membrane is known as... Exocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis allows the cell to take up large quantities of a specific substance True
If you soak your hands in dishwater, you may notice that you skin absorbs water and swells into wrinkles. This is because your skin cells are in a ____ solution? Hypertonic
Based on what you know of tonicity, the most likely explanation is that the unfortunate fish went from a ____ solution to a ______ solution. Isotonic, hypotonic
Sea water is dangerous to drink because... Sea water is hypertonic to your body tissues and drinking it will cause your cells to lose water.
Which of the following is the correct order of DNA condensation? DNA --> Nucleosomes --> Chromatin --> Chromosome
Which protein does DNA wrap around in order to condense? Histone
Which of the following has singular, circular DNA? Prokaryotes
Which of the following is a characteristic of a gamete?
Which of the following stages does the cell spend 90% of its life in? Interphase
When does the nuclear envelope fragments? in Prometaphase
When does the mitotic spindle begin to form? in Prophase
When do the two daughter nuclei form? in Telophase
When do chromosomes line up at the equator? in Metaphase
When do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell due to the microtubules shortening? in Anaphase
When does chromatin condense and nucleoli disappear? in Prophase
When do microtubules enter the nuclear area and some attach to kinetochores? in Prometaphase
When to nucleoli reappear and chromosomes become less condensed? in Telophase
During cytokinesis, a cleavage furrow appears due to a contractile ring of actin filaments. True
Eukaryotic chromatin is composed of.... DNA and proteins
Which types of cells stay in G0 forever? Select all that apply. Muscle, nerve
If a cell is stopped at the G2 checkpoint, it can only remain stopped until the damage is repaired. True
At the M checkpoint, the cell checks for microtubule attachment to chromosomes at the kinetochores and will check for DNA damage. False
Internal regulators for the cell cycle rely on the interactions between cyclin and CDKs. CDKs are active ONLY when its specific cyclin is present. True
Which external cell cycle regulator relies on hormones released by the cell that stimulates growth? Growth factors
Which external cell cycle regulator relies on attachment to other cells or the extracellular matrix to divide? Anchorage dependence
Cancer is the direct result of DNA mutations. True
Cells that are abnormal but not considered cancerous yet are said to be... Benign
Cells that are considered cancerous, lose their anchorage dependency, and can leave the tumor site are said to be... Malignant
Created by: themlanham
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