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Pediatric Audiology
Audiology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Congenital Hearing Loss | Hearing Loss is present at birth |
| What are three reasons of congenital hearing loss? | • Teratogenic Factors • Pre-natal Hypoxia • Genetic |
| Post-natal Hearing Loss | Hearing Loss develops after birth |
| What are three reasons of post-natal hearing loss? | • Genetic • Teratogenic factors • Trauma induced |
| What are 8 (name 4) high-risk indicators of developing hearing loss in infants/children? | • Parental concerns • Family History of Congenital Hearing Loss • NICU>5 days (severe hyperbilirubinemia, ototoxic medications, ventilation – hypoxia, infections) • In utero Infections |
| (Continued)What are 8 (name 4) high-risk indicators of developing hearing loss in infants/children | • Craniofacial abnormalities • Syndromes • Chemotherapy • Head trauma |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Prelingual deaf children ____/______ | 1/1000 |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Idiopathic ______% | 25% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Non-genetic ____% | 25% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Genetic ______% | 50% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Non-syndromic _____% | 70% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Syndromic ____% | 30% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Autosomal recessive ______%-_______% | 75%-85% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Autosomal dominant ____%-______% | 15%-24% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: X-linked ____%-____% | 1%-2% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: DF NB1 ____% | 50% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Other DFNB ______% | 50% |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Hearing loss ______ | 30 |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Cleft lip or palate ______ | 12 |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Down Syndrome ______ | 11 |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Limb Defects _____ | 6 |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Spina Bifida _____ | 5 |
| Prevalence of Hearing loss: Sickle Cell Anemia _____ | 2 |
| A number of different syndromes result in hearing loss, some of the more prevalent ones include what 5 syndromes? | • Usher Syndrome • Trisomy 21/ Down Syndrome • Alport Syndrome • Branchio-Oto-Renal • Waardenburg Syndrome |
| What are 5 acquired hearing loss onset that occur post-natal? | • Shaken Baby Syndrome • Teratogenic Factors • Genetic • Syndromes • Infections |
| What is the most common intrauterine infection in the US | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
| _______ of all adults have contracted Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | ~40% |
| Congenital CMV infections can manifest with what 4 things? | • Hyperbilirubinemia • Purpuric rash • Microcephaly • Sensorineural Hearing Loss |
| ________ of children who are __________ will have SNHL. | 30-50%, symptomatic |
| As much as 12% can be __________, but still develop hearing loss. | Asymptomatic |
| Without Newborn Hearing Screenings the average age of identifying a hearing loss was _________ | 3 years old |
| Earlier identification = | Earlier Intervention |
| In 2000, Joint committee on infant hearing recommended _________ newborn hearing and screening | Universal |
| Most states now require ________ hearing screenings | Universal |
| Two primary protocols of universal newborn screen used in hospitals are? | • Linear Screening • Parallel Screening |
| 2019 change to law in NYS – If child fails newborn hearing screening - they must also be screened for? | CMV |
| Newborn Hearing Screening Serial Testing Protocol begins with _________ screening. If they fail, they move onto _________ screening. If they fail, again, what happens? | OAE, ABR, they are referred for diagnostic testing. |
| Newborn Hearing Screening Parallel Testing Protocol beings with ____ screening. If they pass or fail, they move onto _______ screening. If they fail both screening, what happens? If they only fail one screening? | OAE, ABR, they are referred for diagnostic testing, they are monitored. |
| Not all hearing losses can be detected at _________. | Birth |
| Certain types of hearing losses begin shortly after ______ and progress during _________years | Birth, early childhood |
| How do we address the problem of hearing losses not being detected at birth? | High-risk indicators |
| Even if a newborn passes hearing screening their entire _______ should be considered to make appropriate follow-up recommendations | History |
| At _____ years old- kids with ___________ can be tested using adult methods such as hand raising or button pressing. | 5, normal cognitive function |
| Younger than ____ years old, or patients limited or delayed _________ - require what 3 alternative methods? | 5, cognitive development • BOA • VRA • CPA |
| Pediatric audiologists need to have _______ characteristics. Not all audiologists have what it takes to focus in the pediatrics population | Personality |
| Pediatric audiologists must be very ______, ______, and _____ | Fast, flexible, and alert. |
| Pediatric audiologists need to determine what a child ______ and _____ perform | Can, cannot |
| Pediatric audiologists need to be quick to adjust ______ approach. Keep child's attention with game changes or different tasks | Testing |
| Pediatric audiologists have a ________ window of time in which to complete testing. | Shorter |
| Pediatric audiologists have to be _______, _______, and ________. | Playful, exciting, animated |
| Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA) | Observe child's behavior in response to different sounds |
| Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA) can be used from _____-________ old | 0-6 months |
| Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA) is _____ the most reliable - fairly _______ | Not, subjective |
| Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA) can be combined with objective measures such as ______, _______ and _______ to be more reliable | Acoustic reflex, OAE, ABR |
| Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) | Get child to turn head to the right or left for a positive reinforcement when sound is presented |
| Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) can measure after the child is about ___________ old | 6 months |
| In order to be able to perform Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA), the child must be able to do these three things: | • Sit-up independently on parents lap • Able to support their own head • Be in a state of cooperation (not crying or sleeping) |
| In order to be able to perform Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA), the Audiologist needs to act ________ and pay very close _______ | Faster, attention |
| In order to be able to perform Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA), the Audiologist needs to do what four things? | • Must switch speaker sides in-between presentations • Remember to provide positive reinforcing visual stimulus • Redirect child's head back to center in between presentations • Determine if a true response or child is just looking around the room |
| Many times performing VRA may take two testers to complete, what are they? | Test assist, Tester. |
| Test Assist | In the sound booth assisting with training the child to look at stimulus when noise is on and keeping their heard directed center when sound presentation is turned off |
| Tester | Outside the sound booth controlling the audiometer, visual reinforcing stimulus and tracking thresholds. |
| Behavioral Testing for 2–5-year-olds use what two audiometry? | • Operant Conditioning Audiometry (OCA) • Conditioned Play audiometry (CPA) |
| Operant Conditioning Audiometry (OCA) | Child pushes a button when sound is heard to receive a reward – Usually food or token |
| Operant Conditioning Audiometry is ____ commonly used | Not |
| Conditioned Play audiometry (CPA) | Conditioning a child to perform some tasks when they hear a sound |
| __________ is most commonly used for behavioral testing of 2-5-year-olds | Conditioned Play Audiometry |
| Conditioned Play Audiometry can be _______ with the task child performs. Three of these include? | Flexible • Block in bucket • Peg on board • Checker move |
| Conditioned Play Audiometry has to be _________ and _____ for a child - they have to want to play | Interesting, fun |
| During conditioned play audiometry, why can't you let the child play at free will? | Things get out of control |
| CPA requires condition the child to perform task, in order to do this, what two things should you do? | • Give praise or celebrate when the child performs task correctly • Correct child if they give a false positive response (i.e., perform task when sound not present) |
| During CPA you have to remain flexible, if they child becomes bored with a task quickly, what should you do? | Have multiple “games” at hand to keep child's interest |
| What are two pediatric speech tests? | Speech Recognition Threshold, Word Recognition Testing |
| Speech recognition threshold involve what two things? | • Getting the child to point to body parts • Pointing to pictures (closed set) |
| Word Recognition testing involves what? | Pointing to pictures |
| While performing a pediatric speech test, you must make sure that you are testing the child's ___________ - not _______ | Hearing, vocabulary |
| When doing pediatric testing, get as ______ as possible as _______ as possible | Much, fast |
| Why must you work quickly while pediatric testing? | You never know when the child will stop cooperating |
| When pediatric testing, what is it best to start out with? | Objective measures |
| What is the order of pediatric testing? | • Get Tympanometry and OAE first. •Next try Behavioral tests appropriate for age. •Cross-check between tests. |
| When pediatric testing, get _______ and ______ first | Tympanometry, OAE |
| When pediatric testing, getting tympanometry and OAE can help determine? | From these tests you can determine if Outer-Middle ear functioning normal and cochlea OHCs functioning normal |
| When pediatric testing, after you get objective measures, you should try? | Behavioral tests appropriate for age |
| In pediatric testing, focus on thresholds at ______, ______, and _____ first | 500, 1, and 4 kHZ |
| In pediatric testing, why should you focus on thresholds at 500, 1 and 4 kHz? | These span the frequency ranges needed for speech |
| When pediatric testing, what should you always do between test measures? | Cross-check |
| Educational Audiologist | Sub-specialty of audiology - work for the school districts and directly with all students with hearing loss |
| Educational Audiologists perform many of the same duties of a ____________ plus much more | Traditional Audiologist |
| What other three duties do Educational Audiologists do? | • Advocate for students with hearing loss to insure they receive the appropriate accommodations and technology. • Assess classroom acoustics for optimal learning environment. • Oftentimes work with a team of healthcare professionals (SLPs). |
Created by:
RachelJClark
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