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Chapter 3
The Skeletal System (Vocabulary Words)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetabulum | Also known as the hip socket; the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint |
| Allogenic | Originating within another |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | A type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae |
| Arthrodesis | The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow/shoulder |
| Arthroscopy | Visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope |
| Autologous | Originating within an individual |
| Avascular Necrosis | An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow |
| Bone Marrow Transplant | A stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia & lymphomas |
| Callus | A bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing |
| Chondromalacia | Abnormal softening of cartilage |
| Comminuted Fracture | A fracture in which the bone is splintered/crushed |
| Compression Fracture | A fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself |
| Costochondritis | Inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum |
| Crepitation | The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together |
| Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry | A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine & hips to measure bone density |
| Fat Embolus | The release of fat cells from yellow bone marrow into the bloodstream when a long bone is fractured |
| Gout | A type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints |
| Hallux Valgus | An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe |
| Hemarthrosis | Blood within a joint |
| Hematopoietic | Pertaining to the formation of blood cells |
| Internal Fixation | Fracture treatment in which pins/a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place |
| Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | An autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years/younger with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, & fatigue |
| Kyphosis | An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side |
| Laminectomy | Surgical removal of the lamina/posterior portion of a vertebra |
| Lordosis | An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine |
| Lumbago | The general term for pain in the lumber region of the spine |
| Malleolus | A rounded bony projection on the tibia & fibula on the sides of each ankle joint |
| Manubrium | The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum |
| Metacarpals | The five bones that form the palms of the hand |
| Metatarsals | Form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached |
| Multiple Myeloma | A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells of the red bone marrow |
| Open Fracture | A fracture in which the bone is broken & there is an open wound in the skin |
| Orthopedic Surgeon | Also known as an orthopedist; a physician who specializes in diagnosing & treating diseases & disorders involving the bones, joints, & muscles |
| Orthotic | A mechanical appliance, such as a shoe insert, leg brace/a splint, which is specifically designed to support, control, correct/compensate for impaired limb function |
| Osteitis | Inflammation of a bone |
| Osteoarthritis | The type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging |
| Osteochondroma | A benign bony projection covered with cartilage |
| Osteomalacia | Abnormal softening of bone in adults |
| Osteomyelitis | Inflammation of the bone marrow & adjacent bone |
| Osteopenia | Thinner than average bone density |
| Osteoporosis | A marked loss of bone density & an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging |
| Osteoporotic Hip Fracture | A fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously/as the result of a fall |
| Paget's Disease | A chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation |
| Pathologic Fracture | A fracture that occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain |
| Percutaneous Vertebroplasty | Treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column |
| Podiatrist | Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot |
| Polymyalgia Rheumatica | An inflammatory disorder of the muscles & joints characterized by pain & stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, hips, & thighs |
| Prosthesis | A substitute for a diseased/missing body part |
| Radiculopathy | A condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine; also called a pinched nerve |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints & some organs of other body systems are attacked |
| Rickets | A deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency |
| Scoliosis | An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| Spina Bifida | A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it |
| Spinal Stenosis | A narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves & spinal cord that may cause pain |
| Spiral Fracture | A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart |
| Spondylolisthesis | The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it |
| Spondylosis | A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure & function |
| Subluxation | The partial displacement of a bone from its joint |
| Synovectomy | Surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee |
| Vertebrae | Bony structural units of the spinal column |
Created by:
Alanna Baldwin
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