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chapter 13 questions
Practice questions for chapter 13 of psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Among the major personality theories, which argues that our behavior in one situation is best predicted by considering our past behavior in similar situations? a. Psychoanalytic b. Humanistic c. Social-cognitive d. Trait | c. Social-cognitive (correct answer) |
| 2. The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment are collectively called (the) _____. a. self-serving bias b. self-efficacy c. reciprocal determinism d. spotlight effect | c. reciprocal determinism (correct answer) |
| 3. Which set of personality factors/theories, considered to be today’s “common currency for personality psychology,” is our best approximation of the basic trait dimensions? a. Psychodynamic theories b. “Big Five” c. Humanistic theories d. Social-c | b. “Big Five” (correct answer) |
| 4. Which of Eysenck’s factors would characterize the traits of someone whose personality is both sociable/outgoing and easygoing/carefree? a. Unstable–introverted b. Stable–extraverted c. Unstable–extraverted d. Stable–introverted | b. Stable–extraverted (correct answer) |
| 5. Which statistical procedure identifies clusters (factors) of test items that tap basic components of a trait? a. Measure of variability b. Standard deviation c. Factor analysis d. Analysis of variance | c. Factor analysis (correct answer) |
| 6. _____ includes all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “Who am I?” a. Self-esteem b. Self-concept c. Self-efficacy d. Self-serving bias | b. Self-concept (correct answer) |
| 7. Carl Rogers believed that a growth-promoting social climate, primed for growth and fulfillment, provides all of the following EXCEPT _____. a. genuineness b. empathy c. sympathy d. acceptance | c. sympathy (correct answer) |
| 8. Which defense mechanism, currently referred to as the false consensus effect, is characterized by disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others? a. Rationalization b. Projection c. Displacement d. Reaction formation | b. Projection (correct answer) |
| 9. According to Freud, which part of personality represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations? a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Collective unconscious | c. Superego (correct answer) |
| 10. _____ theories view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. a. Psychodynamic b. Humanistic c. Trait d. Social-cognitive | a. Psychodynamic (correct answer) |
| 11. When evaluating the effectiveness of a personality test to assess the unconscious mind, what key factor(s) do you need to consider? a. The cost of administering the test b. The test-taker’s openness to the test c. The test’s reliability and valid | c. The test’s reliability and validity (correct answer) |
| 12. Free-Response Question • Modern research has challenged and complicated psychoanalytic theory’s concept of repression. If you wanted to learn more about repression, what questions would you need to consider to ensure that you were reviewing qual | • Can the hypothesis be tested by the study design? • Are the operational definitions and assessments clear and appropriate? • Is the sample representative? • Was the statistical analysis appropriate for the research question? • Who sponsored or fun |
| 13. Free-Response Question • The impact of humanistic psychology has been pervasive, but the humanistic perspective has been subject to several key criticisms. What potential problems have critics identified, and how might they impact the practices i | • Critics charge humanistic psychology’s concepts are vague and subjective. Maslow’s description of a self-actualizing person as open, loving, and spontaneous, for example, privileges these qualities at the expensive of other qualities that different |
| 14. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) items are empirically derived. What is one associated drawback test-takers may experience with the MMPI? a. The test-taker may doubt the validity of the test because the test items don’t alwa | a. The test-taker may doubt the validity of the test because the test items don’t always appear to test personality. (correct answer) |
| 15. Figure 13.6, Personality stability, illustrates how personality traits stabilize with age. How would the figure change if correlations were perfectly reliable across all four age groups? a. The bars would all display the same level, and the y-axi | a. The bars would all display the same level, and the y-axis would need to be extended. (correct answer) |
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akr1381
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