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Nutrition Exam
Animal Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is nutrition? | The study of how food is processed and used by the body |
| What is a nutrient? | A nutrient is a compound in food that the body uses for growth and function |
| What is an essential nutrient? | An essential nutrient is a nutrient required for certain anatomical function, but is not produced by the body or not produced in adequate amounts |
| Why is nutrition important in the production of animal products? | Nutrition is important in the study of animal products as it ensures maximum efficiency and quality of production |
| What are the objectives of nutrition management? | To achieve and maintain optimal nutrition and quality for lowest possible price |
| What are the six basic classes of nutrients? | Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins (Why Couldn't Lisa Produce More Vitamins?) |
| Main functions of water | Regulation and the transportation of nutrients |
| Main function of carbohydrates | Source of energy |
| Main function of lipids | Energy, insulation, protection |
| Main function of proteins | Metabolism and building up of bodily structures |
| Main function of minerals | Form structural components of the body |
| Main function of vitamins | Fights infection and aids in iron absorption |
| Define monosaccharides | Simple sugar |
| Define disaccharides | Two monosaccharides linked together |
| Define polysaccharides | Long chain of linked monosaccharides |
| What are the differences between starch and fiber (cellulose) | Starch is an alpha-linked glucose chain while fiber is a beta-linked glucose chain |
| What is a lipid? | Fats and oils the body uses for survival |
| How do lipids differ from carbohydrates? | Carbohydrates and lipids both provide energy, but carbohydrates are soluble while lipids are not |
| How does the energy in fat compare to the energy found in carbohydrates and protein? | Fat stores more energy than carbohydrates and protein |
| Describe the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids | Saturated fatty acids- No double bond hydrocarbon chains, solid at room temp Unsaturated fatty acids- Double bond hydrocarbon chains, liquid at room temp |
| What is a triglyceride? | Stored calories and fat |
| What is protein? | A compilation of amino acids |
| How does protein differ from carbohydrates and lipids? | Protein contains nitrogen while carbohydrates and lipids do not. Protein is also made up of amino acids, while carbs are formed from sugars and lipids are formed of fatty acids and glycerol. |
| What is the nitrogen content of crude protein? | 16%, or 6.25 |
| Why is the physical configuration of protein important? | The physical configuration of a protein directly determines its function. |
| What are amino acids? | Molecules that combine to form proteins |
| Why are certain amino acids considered essential amino acids? | They are considered essential when they cannot be made by the body and are required for protein synthesis |
| What is nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)? | A group of nitrogen containing compounds that are not protein. They can be converted into proteins in a ruminants stomach |
| What two amino acids are often considered the most limiting in livestock diets? | Methionine and lysine |
| Define common macrominerals | Calcium and Phosphorus: skeletal growth and muscle contraction Magnesium: enzyme activator and bone growth Sodium: muscle contraction Chlorine: osmotic balance Potassium: electrolyte balance, enzyme activator, muscle function |
| Define common microminerals (pt.1) | Iron: hemoglobin Copper: RBC production Iodine: metabolism Zinc: enzyme activator, protein synthesis |
| Define trace mineral | Same as micro minerals |
| Water-soluble vitamins | B and C vitamins |
| Fat-soluble vitamins | A, D, E, and K |
| What is the purpose of nutrient analysis of feeds fed to domesticated livestock and companion animals? | The purpose is to find the best balance between production and food costs, making sure the animal gets the right nutrients for the lowest possible cost. |
| Define TDN | Total Digestible Nutrients are a measurement of energy in a feed or diet as a combination of protein, fiber, lipids, and carbs |
| What is the formula for calculating TDN? | Digestible crude protein+ digestible crude fiber+ digestible nitrogen-free extract+ (digestible ether extract x 2.25) |
| Define calorie | Amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water 1 degrees Celsius |
| Define kilocalorie | 1000 calories |
| Define megacalorie | 1000 kilocalories |
| Compare the digestive systems of monogastrics, poultry, equine, and ruminants |
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