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Cells & Traits

TermDefinition
Organelle Tiny organs in the cell that allow it to carry out life functions
Nucleus Contains the genetic material (DNA), and interprets it. Coordinates all of the cell's activities, "brain of the cell"
Cytoplasm Gel-like substance that holds the organelles and gives the cell shape
Mitochondria Breaks down nutrients (food) into energy (ATP) that the cell can use, "powerhouse of the cell"
Vacuole Storage for food, water, and waste (many tiny vacuoles in animal cells)
Cell membrane Selectively permeable cell covering that keeps cytoplasm and organelles contained. Allows water and food to flow into and out of the cell (think of bubbles!)
Large central vacuole In plants ONLY! Very large, over half of the cell. Used for storage and maintaining shape and structure of the cell through Turgor Pressure
Cell wall Rigid (tough) outer layer that covers PLANT cell membranes. Helps cell hold shape and acts as protection.
Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll, light energy to chemical energy, produces food (glucose) for the cell
Behavioral adaptations The actions that organisms take to survive in their environment
Structural adaptations Physical characteristics of an organism that help it survive and reproduce in its environment
Physiological adaptations Internal processes that help organisms survive in their environment by regulating and maintaining homeostasis
Ribosome Where protein synthesis occurs
Adaptation Characteristics developed over long periods of time (generations) that allow an organism to better survive in its environment
Traits The observable characteristic or feature itself. The expression of the code.
Heredity When genetic information (traits) passes from one generation to the next
DNA Genetic material; codes for all genetic instructions stored in the nucleus
Genes A specific segment of DNA that carries instructions for a particular trait. The written code.
Chromosomes Coiled pieces of DNA that contain your genes
Behavioral traits Learned or instinctual - you are NOT born with these traits
Genetic traits Controlled by inherited genes - you are BORN WITH these traits
EXTRA CREDIT! Send your teacher an email with a funny meme or interesting fact about cells or traits for 5 points of extra credit!
Created by: anjali.soni
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