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Psych Unit 6A Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Memory | Learning that persists over time |
| Recall | Retrieving information |
| Recognition | Identifying previously learned items |
| Encoding | Getting information into our brains |
| Storage | Retain information |
| Retrieval | Get information back out |
| Three-stage memory model/multi-store model | Memory consists of a sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory |
| Sensory memory | The mental representation of environments |
| Short-term memory | The recall of material after it is presented or during uninterrupted rehearsal of the material |
| Maintenance rehearsal | Straight repeating of information to memorize it |
| Elaborative rehearsal | Relates new concepts to old ones to help them stick |
| Long-term memory | Memory that involves the storage and recall of information over a long period of time |
| Working memory | Active processing of sensory and long-term memories during short-term memory |
| Central executive | Responsible for focussed processing in working memory |
| Visuospatial sketchpad | Our temporary ability to hold visual and spatial information |
| Phonological loop | The speech and sound-related component of working memory |
| Explicit/declarative memories | Retention of stuff one can consciously know and "declare" |
| Effortful processing | Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
| Implicit/nondeclarative memories | Retention of learned skills/associations independent of conscious realisation |
| Procedural memories | A type of long-term, implicit memory involved in the knowledge of skills or how to do things |
| Automatic processing | Unconscious encoding of incidental information |
| Prospective memory | Remembering to carry out an action at an appropriate moment |
| Autobiographical memory | Recollection of past events a jawn has experienced |
| Iconic memory | A fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli |
| Echoic memory | A fleeting sensory memory of auditory stimuli |
| Chunking | Organizing items into familiar, manageable units |
| Mnemonics | Memory aids, especially ones with vivid imagery and organizational devices |
| Method of Loci | Using visualizations of familiar spatial environments to recall stuff better |
| Categories | Sets of objects in the world |
| Hierarchies | Broad concepts divided and subdivided into narrower concepts |
| Spacing effect: massed vs. distributed practice | The tendency for distributed practice to yield better long-term retention than massed practice |
| Testing effect | Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than rereading, information |
| Metacognition | The purposeful awareness of one's own thought processes |
| Shallow processing | Encoding on an elementary level |
| Phonemic processing | Use of sounds to process language |
| Structural processing | Remembering only the physical quality of a word |
| Deep processing/semantic processing | Encodes semantically (based on meaning) |
| Semantic memory | Memory of facts and general knowledge |
| Episodic memory | Memory of personally experienced events |
| Memory consolidation | The process of turning short-term memories to long-term ones |
| Long-term potentiation | An increase in a cell's firing potential after repeated stimulation |
| Retrieval cues | Stimuli assisting in memory retrieval |
| Priming | Getting jawns set for shit |
| Context-dependent memory | Needing context for memory |
| State-dependent memory | Needing a certain state for memory |
| Mood-congruent memory | Recalling experiences consistently with mood |
| Serial position effect | Recalling the first and last items in a list |
| Recency effect | Recalling jawns better because of recency |
| Primacy effect | Recalling jawns better because of their proximity to the beginning of something |
| Anterograde amnesia | An inability to form new memories |
| Retrograde amnesia | An inability to retrieve information from one's past |
| Alzheimer's | A disease where loss of memory is a main symptom |
| Infantile amnesia | Inability of adults to recollect early episodic memories |
| Encoding failure | Occurs when information is insufficiently or inadequately encoded |
| Ebbinghaus forgetting curve | Learned information slips out of our memories over time |
| Tip-of-the-tongue forgetting | When one can't recall a word but can recall words of similar form and meaning |
| Proactive interference | When old information interferes with the learning of new information |
| Retroactive interference | When new information inhibits our ability to recall old information |
| Ego | Freud's "realistic" part of personality that was all about compromisation |
| Repression | Unconscious blocking of unpleasant jawns from one's mind |
| Misinformation effect | A type of memory impairment caused by introduction fo misleading infromation |
| Imagination inflation | A tendency to falsely remember jawns that were imagined |
| Source amnesia | The inability to recall where, when, or how one has learned knowledge that has been acquired and retained |
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mejones
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