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Agriscience Unit 28
Agriscience Unit 28 Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ova | female reproductive cells or eggs from the ovary of an animal |
| Sperm | male reproductive units |
| Zygot | fertilized egg |
| gene | a unit of hereditary material located on a chromosome |
| chromosome | the rod-like carrier for genes |
| gamete | a reproductive cell |
| dominant | gene that expresses itself to the exclusion of other genes |
| recessive | a gene that remains hidden and expresses itself only in the absence of a dominant gene |
| cell | a unit of protoplasmic material with a nucleus and cell walls |
| protoplasm | all of the contents within the walls of a living cell |
| nucleus | a cell structure that contains pairs of chromosomes on which genes are located at specific locations |
| cell membrane | a thin tissue surrounding the contents of a cell through which nutrients pass in and waste materials pass out |
| nuclear membrane | a protective membrane that forms a barrier surrounding the cell nucleus |
| lipid | fat droplets inside a cell |
| mitochondrion | plays a role in converting animal food to usable energy |
| ribosome | a cell structure that is responsible for synthesizing proteins |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a cell structure that stores proteins and facilitates their movement to other parts of the cell as needed |
| mitosis | simple cell division for growth |
| meiosis | cell division that results in the formation of gametes |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | coded genetic material in a cell |
| homozygous | pairs of genes that are alike |
| heterozygous | pairs of genes that are different |
| incomplete dominance | neither gene expresses itself to the exclusion of the other |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an individual or group of organisms |
| phenotype | physical appearance of an individual |
| sex-linked | genes carried on chromosomes that determine sex |
| mutation | change in genes |
| heritability | the capacity to be passed down from parent to offspring |
| testosterone | male sex hormone |
| estrogen | hormone that regulates the heat period |
| progesterone | hormone that prevents estrus during pregnancy and causes development of the mammary system |
| ovulation | process of releasing mature eggs from the ovary |
| fetus | embryo from time of attachment to the uterine wall until birth |
| gestation | length of pregnancy |
| inbreeding | mating animals that are related |
| semen | the sperms cells and accompanying fluids |
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3turnshome79
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