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Time that spans millions of years is known as geological time. The entire history of the Earth is measured in geological time.
Dating an unknown sample to a certain time period when compared to samples of known ages is called relative dating.
Any solid material (rock or organic) that settles out from a liquid is known as sediment.
A geological plate is a layer of rock that drifts slowly over the supporting, upper mantle layer.
Plate tectonics (tektonikos is Greek for “builder”) describes the formation and movement of ocean and continental plates.
A subduction zone is an area where two crustal plates collide and one plate is forced under the other into the mantle.
Convection is the process of heat transfer that causes hot, less dense matter to rise and cool matter to sink.
increase in fault slip areas ⇒ increase in earthquakes produced
Seismic waves are caused by vibrations in the Earth from cracks or shifts in the under- lying rock.
The hypocenter of an earthquake is the location beneath the Earth’s surface where a fault rupture begins.
The epicenter of an earthquake is the location directly above the hypocenter on Earth’s surface.
A seismograph is an instrument that records seismic waves (vibrations) onto a tracing called a seismogram.
The magnitude of an earthquake is a measured value of an earthquake’s size.
A volcano is a mound, hill, or mountain formed from hot magma exiting the crust and piling up on the land or beneath the seas.
Tephra describes all the different types of matter sent blasting from a volcano compared to slow flowing lava.
Volcanic ash ejected during a volcanic eruption is made up of rock particles less than 4 mm in diameter. Coarse ash is sized from 14 to 4 mm, with fine ash (dust) measuring < 14 mm in grain size.
Hydrology is the study of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water on, in, and above the Earth.
A water reservoir, in the atmosphere, ocean, or underground, is a place where water is stored for some period of time.
Created by: P30NN
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