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AP Human Geo. Unit 2
Everything you need to know for the H-Gap unit 2 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Physical Factors | The natural elements that make up a place |
| Human factors | Various economic, cultural, historical, and political aspects of a place |
| Population Distribution | Spread of people in an area |
| Population Density | The amount of people in an area |
| Arithmetic Density | Commonly used metric to show how density populated a place is |
| Physiological Density | Measures the pressure that a population exerts on the environment to feed the population |
| Agricultural Density | Shows the level of efficiency of agricultural production in an area and the degree of reliance on human labor |
| Urban Sprawl | The unrestricted growth and expansion of an urban or suburban area into the surrounding countryside |
| Carrying Capacity | The amount of people that can be supported by the environment without damaging the environment |
| Sex Ratio | The ration of males to female |
| Dependency Ratio | How many people a society needs to support/cant work |
| Child Dependency Ratio | Number of people aged 0-14 |
| Elderly Dependency Ratio | Number of people aged 65+ |
| Crude Birth Rate | Total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in a society |
| Crude Death Rate | The number of deaths in a yea for every 1000 people alive in a society |
| Rate of Natural Increase (NIR) | The percentage a population grows in a year |
| Doubling Time | The amount of time it takes for a population to double in size |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have |
| Infant Mortality Rate | The total number of deaths under one year of age in a year for every 1000 live births |
| Primary Sector | Jobs and activities that involve extracting natural resources |
| Secondary Sector | Take the raw resources to produce/ manufacture products |
| Tertiary Sector | Jobs and activities that provide a service for other individuals |
| Stage 1 DTM | High birth rate and death rate, low population increase |
| Stage 2 DTM | High birth and low death, high population increase (People start to move to urban areas) |
| Stage 3 DTM | Decline in birth rate and still declining death rate, more modern population growth |
| Stage 4 DTM | Low birth rate and low death rate, with little to know population growth |
| Stage 5 DTM | Low birth rate low death rate, births fall bellow the deaths (Decline in pop.) |
| Subsistence Agriculture | Agriculture production that occurs with the intent to provide for the farmer's family or local community (Output is for consumption not sale) |
| Emigration | When an individual leaves a country or political territory |
| ZPG (Zero Population Growth) | when a country's CBR and CDR are essentially the same, causing the NIR to be 0 |
| Malthusian Theory | Population would grow exponentially while food supply grows arithmetically (Not enough food to go around) |
| Anti-Natalist Policies | Policies that are created to help decrease a society's birth rate |
| Pro-Natalist Policies | Policies that are created to help increase a society's birth rate |
| Anti-Natalist Policies | Policies that are created to help decrease a society's birth rate |
| Maternal Mortality | Number of maternal deaths per 100k live births |
| Maternal Mortality | Number of maternal deaths per 100k live births |
| Pull Factors | Positive situations that make people want to move to a place |
| E.G. Ravenstein | Migration happens for economic reasons and is taken by young adults |
| Pull Factors | Positive situations that make people want to move to a place |
| Immigration | When an individual enters a country or political territory |
| Push Factors | Negative situations that make people want to leave a location |
| Intervening Obstacles | Negative situations or events that hinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching their final destination |
| Immigration | When an individual enters a country or political territory |
| Intervening Opportunities | Positive situations or events thathinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching their final destination |
| Intervening Obstacles | Negative situations or events that hinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching their final destination |
| Intervening Opportunities | Positive situations or events that hinder migration and end up preventing migrants from reaching their final destination |
| Forced Migration | Something that if forcing you to leave |
| Refugee | An individual who has been forced to leave their home country and has crosses an international border in order to escape |
| Internally Displaced Person (IDP) | AN individual who has been forced to flee from their home, but has not crossed an internationally recognized state border |
| Transnational Migration | Emigrates from their home country but remains connected to their original country |
| Chain Migration | A process where legal immigrants sponsors a family member to immigrate to the country |
| Step Migration | Migration that happens in stages |
| Guest Workers | Temporarily migrated to a new country for work or education |
| Remittance | Money an immigrant sends back to their family in their home country |
| Transhumance Migration | Migration that is cyclical and revolves around the seasonal movement of livestock |
| Rural to Urban Migration | People more from rural areas to urban areas |
| Intraregional Migration | Migration that involves a permanent move withing the same region |
| Interregional Migration | Migration that involves a permanent move from one region of a country to another region of the same country |
| Brain Drain | When the skilled labor leaves the geographic area in favor of another area that offers more opportunities |
Created by:
dracol
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