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HSII Chpt. 7 (Pt. 2)

Dermatology important terms to know


Abrasion	Sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis.
Abscess	Localized, pus-containing pocket caused by a bacterial infection.
Acne rosacea	Chronic skin condition of the face in middle-aged patients with blotchy red areas.
Acne vulgaris	Overproduction of sebum of face shoulders and back during puberty.
Actinic keratosis	Raised, rough areas that develop after chronic sun exposure.
Albinism	Genetic mutation in whihc melanocytes do not produce melanin; results in a lack of coloration of the skin, hair, and eye.
Allergy skin testing	Intradermal injection or scratch of liquid allergen; formation of a wheal in response to the allergen is indicative of allergy.
Alopecia	Loss of hair from the scalp due to disease, medication, or changes in hormone levels. Chronic loss in men due to decreases in testosterone. Chronic loss in women caused by decreases in estradiol.
Alopecia drugs	Improve blood flow to the scalp to increase hair growth; topically or orally.
Anesthetic drugs	Provide temporary numbness of the skin during prcedures that involve cutting or suturing.
Antibiotic drugs	Treat bacterial infections or acne vulgaris; may be topical or oral.
Antifungal drugs	Treat fungal infections; may be topical or oral depending upon the fungus involved.
Antipruitic drugs	Treat itching associated with skin diseases; may be topical or oral.
Antiviral drugs	Treat viral infections; may be topical or oral.
Anhidrosis	Congenital absence of sweat glands; no sweat is produced and heat is intolerable.
Basal cell carcinoma	Begins in the basal epidermis; slow-growing cancer that appears as a raised, pearly bump.
Benign	Of a mild type or character that does not threaten health or life.
Biopsy (Bx)	Removal of all or part of a skin lesion or tumor; specimen is sent to the pathology department for examination and diagnosis. (Types of Bx: excisional, incisional, punch, shave)
Blister	A fluid-filled sac between the epidermis and dermis from repetitive rubbing injury.
Botox	A drug which keeps muscles from contracting and wrinkling the skin.
Bulla (pl. bullae)	Large blisters between the dermis and epidermis filled with tissue fluid.
Burns	Caused by heat, hot objects, steam, boiling water, electricity, chemicals, and radiation. (Types of burns: superficial, partial thickness, full thickness.)
Callus	Repetitive rubbing injury that causes the epidermis to thicken into a wide, elevated pad.
Cancer	A malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis.
Capitis	On the scalp.
Carbuncle	Composed orf large furuncles with connecting channels through subcutaneous tissue or skin surface.
Cellulitis	Infection and inflammation of the connective tissues of the skin and muscle.
Cicatrix	Fibrous tissue composed of collagen that forms as an injury heals.
Chloasma (Melasma)	The mask of pregnancy; dark hyperpigmented areas on the face.
Clubbing & cyanosis	Abnormal downward curve and bluish coloration of the fingernails accompanied by stunted growth of the fingers; associated with lack of oxygen in cystic fibrosis.
Collagen injections	Treatment for wrinkles or acne scars; liquid collagen solution plumps up skin to decrease the depth of the wrinkle or scar.
Coal tar drugs	Treat psoriasis by slowing multiplication of epidermal cells; applied topically.
Comedo (pl. comedones)	Blackhead, black sebum from oxidation when exposed to air.
Contact dermatitis	Dermatitis caused by physical contact with an allergen or irritant like deodorant, soap, makeup, or urine.
Corporis	On the trunk of the body.
Corticosteroid drugs	Treat inflammation by suppressing the immune response; may be topical or oral.
Cruris	In the groin and genital area (of the leg) (Ex. Tinea cruris AKA Jock itch).
Cryolipolysis	Treatment for unwanted fat deposits; cold device applied to the skin freezes fat cells and causes them to crystalize and die.
Cryosurgery	Treatment for benign or small malignant lesions; liquid nitrogen is applied to the lesion to freeze and kill it.
Culture & sensitivity (C&S)	Growth of bacteria taken from a wound or lesion in a lab; colonies are used to make diagnosis and to determine the correct antiobiotic treatment.
Curet (also curette)	A surgical instrument for removing dead tissue, growths, etc, from the walls of certain body cavities.
Curettage	A surgical scraping or cleaning by means of a curette; also a procedure that uses a curette to scrape off a superficial skin lesion.
Cyanosis	A bluish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails.
Types of skin lesions: Cyst	An elevated circular mound that is red (erythema) or skin color. Semisolid or partly fluid filled. (Ex. Acne sebaceous cyst)
Debridement	Procedure in which necrotic tissue is debrided (removed) from a burn, wound, or ulcer.
Decubitus (pl. decubiti)	Areas of dermis and epidermis sloughed off from constant pressure restricting blood to tissues. (ex. bedsore, pressure ulcer)
Dermatitis	Any infection or inflammation of the skin. (dermat/o- = skin) (-itis = infection of, inflammation of)
Dermatoplasty	Any type of plastic surgery to the skin; includes grafting, keloid removal, and facelift.
Dermis	A thicker layer beneath the epidermis.
Diaphoresis	Profuse sweating; may indicate a serious underlying condition like myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, or drug withdrawal.
Drugs for infestations	Treats scabies (mites) and pediculosis (lice); applied topically as a lotion and shampoo.
Eczema	Seborrhea in children and adults.
Edema	Excessive amounts of fluid move from the skin into the dermis or subcutaneous (subQ) tissue and cause swelling.
Electrosurgery	Treatment for benign or small malignant lesions; electricity evaporates cellular contents and kills cells. (ex. fulguration, electrodesiccation, electrosection)
Epidermis	The thin, outermost layer of the skin. Contains no blood vessels or connective tissue.
Epithelial tissue	Forms protective covering for internal and external surfaces of the body.
Erythema	Reddish discoloration of the skin.
Eschar	A thick crusty scar of necrotic tissue from a third-degree burn.
Excoriation	Superficial injury with a sharp object that creates a linear scratch on the skin.
Types of skin lesions: Fissure	A red (erythema) crack-like crevice or tear that occurs on various parts of the skin. Some exudate (pus) or no fluid. (Ex. Dry, chapped skin)
Fistula	An abnormal passageway.
Follicle	A shaft or opening on the surface of the skin through which hair grows.
Freckle	Benign, pigmented, flat macule that develops after sun exposure.
Furuncle	(also boil) Localized, elevated abscess around a hair follicle; the skin is inflamed and painful.
Gangrene	Necrosis with subsequent bacterial invasion and decay.
Gland	A cell, a group of cells, or an organ that produces a secretion for use in or for elimination from the body.
HAI	Healthcare-associated infection.
Hemangioma	Mass of superficial, dilated blood vessels present at birth; usually disappears without treatment.
Hemorrhage	Injury to the blood vessels that releases blood into the skin.
Herpes	Any of several inflammatory diseases of the skin caused by herpesviruses and characterized by clusters of vesicles.
Herpes simplex type 1	Skin infection caused by the herpes virus with clustered vesicles, erythema, edema and pain type 1 occurs on the lips and can recur during illness and stress (also cold sores).
Herpes simplex type 2	Type 2 is sexually transmitted causing vesicles in genital area, also tend to recur during illness or stress (also genital herpes).
Herpes whitlow	Herpes simplex infection at the base of the fingernail from contact with HSV type 1 or 2.
Herpes varicella-zoster	Herpes that causes skin rash of chickenpox during childhood; remains dormant in body until activated later in life by illness or emotional stress.
Hirsutism	Presence of excessive, dark hair on the forearms and upper lip of women; caused by hormone changes associated with a tumor of the adrenal cortex.
Histamine	An organic compound is released as part of the body's immune response, causing physiological changes including dilation of the blood vessels, contraction of smooth muscle (as in the airways), and increased gastric acid secretion. Can cause allergies.
HSV	Herpes simplex virus.
Drug Admin. - Hypodermic	Needle inserted all the way into the subcutaneous tissue.
Icterus	High levels of unconjugated bilirubin from the blood moves into tissues causing yellowing.
Incision and drainage (I&D)	Treatment to drain fluid; an incision is made and fluid is expressed or drained.
Drug Admin. - Intradermal	Needle inserted just within the epidermis; used for tuberculosis and allergy testing.
Jaundice	Yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and whites of the eyes.
Kaposi’s sarcoma	Skin cancer that begins in connective tissue or lymph nodes. Affects skin, subQ, mucous membranes, and internal organs; elevated irregular, dark reddish-blue masses on the skin.
Keloid	A firm abnormally large scar that grows larger than the original injury due to overproduction of collagen.
Keratosis	A disease of the skin marked by overgrowth of horny tissue.
Laceration	Linear penetrating wound; may have clean-cut edges or torn, ragged edges.
Laser	Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
Laser surgery	Treatment for mark removal; laser wavelengths react to color and break it up.
Lentigo	A small melanotic spot in the skin’ formation of pigment is unrelated to exposure to sunlight; potentially malignant.
Lesion	Any area of visible abnormal change in structure of an organ or part due to injury or disease. (derm: damage on skin or variation from normal skin.)
Linea nigra	A vertical line on the skin of dark, hyperpigmented area from pregnancy.
Lipoma	Rounded growth of adipose tissue in the skin. A benign tumor made of fat cells.
Liposuction	Removal of excessive fat deposits by suctioning out subcutaneous tissue.
Lupus erythematosus	A disorder characterized by skin inflammation.
Types of skin lesions: Macule	Any of the small brownish spots in the skin that are due to augmented melanin production and that increase in number and intensity on exposure to sunlight. (ex. freckle, age spot)
Malignant melanoma	Begins in melanocytes; fast-growing and spreading cancer.
Malignant neoplasms of the skin: A for Asymmetry	The lesion is not symmetric; one side is different from the other.
Malignant neoplasms of the skin: B for Border	The border edge of the lesion is irregular.
Malignant neoplasms of the skin: C for Color	The color varies from black to brown to red in the same lesion.
Malignant neoplasms of the skin: D for Diameter	The diameter is greater than 6 millimeters, or 1/4 of an inch.
Mohs’ surgery	Procedure to remove skin cancer, particularly tumors with irregular shapes and depths.
Necrosis	Gray to black discoloration of skin due to skin death from a burn, ulcer, wound , or poor blood supply.
Nevus (pl. nevi)	Benign skin lesion that is present at birth and comes in a variety of colors and shapes.
Onychomycosis	Fungal infection of the nail; nail root is infected and the nail is deformed as it grows. (onycho/o- = fingernail, toenail) (myc/o- = fungus) (-osis = condition)
Pallor	Unnatural paleness due to a lack of blood supply to the tissue
Papilloma	Soft, flesh-colored, benign growth that protrudes from the skin; grows as a flap or polyp on a stalk. Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
Types of skin lesions: Papule	A small solid usually conical elevation of skin caused by inflammation, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue. (ex. acne pimple)
Pediculosis	Infestation of lice and their eggs (nits); can occur in the scalp, hair, eyelashes, and genital area.
Pedis	On the feet.
Petechia (pl. petechiae)	Pinpoint hemorrhages in the skin from ruptured capillaries.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)	Treat skin cancer with a combination of a laser light and photosensitizing drug.
Pressure injury	Ulcer in the skin caused by epidermal and dermal breakdown; associated with constant pressure on the skin that decreases blood flow over bony areas.
Pruritis	Itching.
Psoralen	A drug that sensitizes the skin to ultraviolet light therapy; damages cellular DNA; decreases cell division, and suppresses the immune system. Psoralen works with phototherapy to treat skin conditions.
Psoriasis	Autoimmune disorder in which too many abnormal epidermal cells are produced; produces itch, silvery scales, and plaques.
Types of skin lesions: Pustule	A small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus and having an inflamed base. (ex. acne whitehead)
Rash	A red or pink skin lesion that is flat or raised, itchy or not itchy.
RAST	Bood mixed with an allergen to measure the amount of IgE produced in response; used to identify an allergy and its severity.
Rhytidectomy	Removal of wrinkles to tighten loose skin on the face; may be accompanied by blepharoplasty. (rhytid/o- = wrinkle) (-ectomy = surgical removal)
Scabies	Infestation of parasitic mites that tunnel under the skin producing itchy vesicles.
Types of skin lesions: Scale	White, flat or slightly elevated, flakes of thin skin. (ex. dandruff, psoriasis)
Scleroderma	Autoimmune disorder in whcih the skin and internal organs harden due to abnormal collagen deposits.
Sebaceous glands	Glands that secrete sebum that lubricates skin and discourages growth of bacteria on skin.
Seborrhea	Overproduction of sebum at any time other than adolescence; results in alternating oily areas and dry, scaly skin.
Senile lentigo	Light to dark brown, flat macules that occur on the skin in areas exposed to the sun; also called age spots or liver spots.
Shingles	Herpes varicella-zoster becoming activated after chickenpox by illness or stress; causes painful vesicles and crusts along a dermatome.
Sinus	Any of various cavities, recesses, or passages.
Skin examination	Inspection of the skin during dermatologist visit; may involve all of the skin or a specific rash or lesion.
Skin resurfacing	Treatment to improve skin appearance; involves removal of part of the epidermis. (ex. chemical peel, dermabrasion, laser resurfacing, microdermabrasion)
Skin scraping	Scraping of cells from a lesion done with the edge of a scalpel; cells are examined under a microscope to diagnose tinea.
Skin grafting	Use of human or artificial skin to provide a temporary covering or permanent layer or skin over a burn or wound. (ex. allograft, autograft, synthetic.)
Solar	Of or pertaining to the sun.
Squamous cell carcinoma	Beings in the squamous epidermis; slow-growing red bump or ulcer.
Striae	Stretch marks on the skin of the abdomen and buttocks from small tears in the dermis.
Suture	A joining of the lips or edges of a wound or the like by stitching or some similar process.
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands	Assist with body water content and temperature regulation. Excretes small amounts of metabolic wastes.
Syndactyly	Condition in which the skin and tissues between the toes or fingers are joined. (syn- = together) ( -dactyly = condition of fingers or toes)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)	Autoimmune disorder in which collagen in the skin and connective tissues deteriorates; characterized by butterfly rash on nose and cheeks.
Tinea	Any of several fungal diseases of the skin.
Drug Admin. - Topical	Applied directly to the skin; has a local effect.
Drug Admin. - Transdermal	Patches that are placed on the skin; drug is absorbed through the skin and transported through the blood to exert a systemic effect.
Turgor	The normal state of turgidity and tension in living cells.
Tzanck test	A skin scraping done to obtain fluid from a vesicle, especially used to diagnose herpes virus and shingles.
Ulcer	A break in skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue, and often pus.
Ultherapy	Treatment for wrinkles on the face and neck; ultrasound waves stimulate production of new collagen.
Urticaria (hives)	Condition of raised areas of redness and edema that appear suddenly and may disappear rapidly.
Verruca (pl. verrucae)	(wart) Irregular, rough skin lesion caused by human papillomavirus (HPV); usually on hand, fingers or foot.
Types of skin lesions: Vesicle	A small, elevated, fluid filled, blister on the skin. Typically is red (erythema) with a transparent top. (ex. herpes, chickenpox, shingles)
Vitamin A-type drugs	Treat acne vulgaris and severe cystic acne; may be topical or oral.
Vitiligo	A progressive skin disorder that is a form of leukoderma caused by the localized or generalized destruction of melanocytes and marked by sharply circumscribed white spots of skin.
Wheal	A raised, itchy (pruritic) area of skin that is sometimes an overt sign of allergy. Wheals typically contain a clear fluid. A symptom of hives. (ex. insect bites, urticaria)
Xeroderma (xerosis)	Excessively dry skin. (xer/o- = dry) (-derma = skin)
Xanthoma	A skin condition in which certain fats build up under the surface of the skin. Xanthomas are raised, waxy-appearing, frequently yellowish-colored skin lesions.

Created by: Tea Lad

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