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USMLE1 Psych 1
Psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Axis I | Clinical disorders |
| Axis II | Personality disorders & mental retardation |
| Axis III | Physical conditions |
| Axis IV | Psychosocial/environmental problems |
| Axis V | Global assessment of functioning |
| Fragile X | X-linked mental retardation, affects boys mostly |
| Characteristics of Fragile X | large testes (macroorchidism), characteristic but variable face with large ears, long face, high-arched palate |
| most common cause of mental retardation | fetal alcohol syndrome |
| Most common genetic causes of mental retardation | fragile X and down syndrome |
| How to treat autism | behavioral techniques (shaping) |
| differential of schizophrenia | 1. brief psychotic disorder (1 to 30 days) 2. schizophreniform (less than 6 mo) 3. schizophrenia (> 6 mo) |
| anhedonia | can't experience pleasant emotion |
| clang associations | illogical connections by ryhthm or puns |
| echolalia | repeating in answer many of the same words as in question |
| echopraxia | imitations of movements or gestures |
| perseveration | responding to all questions the same way |
| Name 5 subtypes of schizophrenia | DC-PUR 1. Disorganized 2. Catatonic 3. Paranoid 4. Undifferentiated 5. Residual |
| anaclictic depression | depression in infant separated from caregiver --> FTT, withdrawn, unresponsive |
| asperger's | mild autism, problems with social relationships and repetitive behavior; normal intelligence (unlike lower intelligence for autism) |
| rett disorder | xlinked; only in girls because boys die in utero; age 4 - loss of development and MR; stereotyped handwriting |
| treatment for ADHD | methylphenidate (Ritalin) |
| conduct disorder | violating social norms, becomes antisocial personality disorder at greater than 18 yo |
| oppositional defiant disorder | noncompliant, but not criminal |
| treatment for tourette's | haloperidol |
| separation anxiety disorder | fear of loss of attachment --> factitious physical complaints, avoidance of school |
| neurotransmitter changes in anxiety disorder | increased NE; decreased GABA and serotonin; anxiety disorders happen more in the NE, and fewer people with the names of Gabby and Sera have anxiety disorders |
| Depression (change in NTs) | decreased NE and serotonin; there's less depression in the NE, and also fewer people named Sera are depressed; NE has more anxiety, less depression |
| Alzheimer's (change in NTs) | decreased Ach (A for Alz, A for Ach) |
| Huntington's disease (change in NTs) | decreased GABA and Ach; people grab at you less and sneeze less in Huntington Beach |
| Schizophrenia (change in NTs) | increased dopamine; schizo people are major dopes |
| Parkinson's disease (change in NTs) | decreased dopamine (have to give them dopamine to treat) |
| In what disease would you have increased dopamine levels? In which would have decreased dopamine? | Schizophrenia increased dopamine; parkinson's decreased dopamine |
| anosognosia | not aware of one's illness |
| autotopagnosia | can't locate your own body parts |
| depersonalization | body seems unreal or dissociated |
| Order of loss when someone loses orientation | time, place, person |
| anterograde amnesia | no new memory |
| korsakoff's amnesia | classic anterograde amnesia; confabulations - To fill in gaps in one's memory with fabrications that one believes to be facts; thiamine deficiency; alcoholics; bilateral destruction of mamillary bodies; |
| Delirium vs. Dementia | Delirium is waxing and waning levels of consciousness and abnl EEG, while dementia is gradual decrease in cognition but no change in consciousness and normal EEG |
| sensorium | sum of an organism's perception, the 'seat of sensation' where it experiences and interprets the environments within which it lives |
| drug class that frequently causes delirium | anticholinergics |
| hallucinations | perceptions with no external stimuli |
| illusions | misinterpretations of external stimuli |
| delusion | false beliefs not shared by culture; person still believes them even with evidence to the contrary |
| visual and auditory hallucinations are common in.... | schizophrenia |
| olfactory hallucinations common in... | aura of psychomotor epilepsy |
| tactile hallucinations | cocaine abusers and alcoholics (cocaine bugs and ants crawling on skin) |
| formication | the sensation of ants crawling on skin |
| delirium tremens | withdrawal or abstinence from alcohol following habitual excessive drinking; sensation of ants crawling on skin |
| HypnaGOgic | hallucination while GOing to bed |
| Hypnopompic | hallucination upon waking from sleep |
| schizophrenia | periods of psychosis and disturbed behavior with decline in function (> 6 mo) |
| schizoaffective disorder | schizophrenia with mood disorder (depression or mania) |
| criteria for diagnosis of schizophrenia | Fulfill at least two criteria. HaNDDD: Hallucinations, Negative sx's (flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech or thought), Delusions, Disorganized thought, Disorganized/catatonic behavior |
| Criteria for manic episode | DIG FAST: 1. Distractability 2. Irresponsibility (seeks pleasure without thinking of consequences) 3. Grandiosity (inflated self esteem) 4. Flight of ideas (racing thoughts) 5. goal directed Activity and psychomotor Agitation 6. Sleep less 7. Talkativenes |
| Bipolar I | bipolar + manic |
| Bipolar II | bipolar + hypomanic |
| Definition of bipolar disorder | one manic or one hypomanic episode defines the disorder |
| What is treatment for bipolar? | lithium |
| cyclothymic disorder | mild bipolar, lasts at least 2 years |
| Criteria for major depressive episode | At least 5 for > 2wks SIG E CAPS: 1. Sleep disturbance 2. loss of Interest (anhedonia) 3. Guilt/worthlessness 4. Energy low 5. Concentration poor 6. Appetite/weight change 7. psychomotor retardation/agitation 8. Suicidal ideations 9. depressed mood |
| dysthymia | mild depression, at least 2 years |
| Risk factors for suicide completion | SAD PERSONS. Sex (male), Age (teen, elder), Depression, Previous attempt, EtOH/drugs, loss Rational thinking, Sickness (or >3meds), Organized plan, No spouse/child, Social support poor |
| Criteria for panic disorder | PPANIICCCCSSS. Palpitations, Paresthesias, Abd stress, Nausea, Intense fear of dying or losing control, light-headedness, Chest pain, Chills, Choking, disConnectedness, Sweating, Shaking, Shortness of breath |
Created by:
christinapham
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