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Chap. 1

Develomental Psychology

QuestionAnswer
Age Ranges of the Life Span PRENATAL: conception-birth, Infancy & Toodlerhood: birth-age 3, Preschool: ages 3-6, Middle childhood: ages 6-12, Adolescence: ages 12-20, Young adulthood: age 20-40, Middle adulthood: age 40-65, Late adulthood: age 65-death
CONTINUOUS gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels; changes achieved are a matter of degree, not kind.
DISCONTINUOUS CHANGE development that occurs in in distinct steps or stages. -Changes achieved are qualitively different than behavior at earlier stages.
The Biological Approach (Bronfenbrenner) Suggests that different environmental levels simultaneously influence individuals.4 Major Levels: Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem.
CRITICAL PERIOD a specific time during development when an event has its greatest consequences and is considered necessary for normal development.- interference with critical periods thought to interfere w/ development, often permanently.
SENSITIVE PERIOD a point in development when an individual is especially susceptible to certain stimuli.- absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences.
NATURE refers to inherited traits, abilities, and capacities.
NURTURE refers to the environmental influences that shape behavior.
THEORIES explanations and predictions that provide a framework for understanding relationships among an organized set of principles.
Major Theoretical Perspectives used in lifespan development psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, evolutionary.
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY occurs as children pass through a series of stages in which pleasure or gratification is focused on a particular biological function and body part.
ERICKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY @ Each stage emerges as a fixed pattern that is similar for all people. @ Each stage presents a crisis or conflict that each individual must address sufficiently at a particular stage. @ No crisis is ever fully resolved, making life complicated.
PIAGET'S THEORY describes stages of cognitive development.
VYGOTSKY'S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY Emphasizes how development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH research designed to discover CAUSAL relationships between various factors.
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH Finding that two variables are correlated (have some relationship) with one another does NOT prove that one variable causes the other.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE the formation of treatment and control groups represents this. this the variable that researchers MANIPULATED in an experiment.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE Contrast of INDEPENDENT VARIABLE, is the variable that researchers MEASURE in and experiment and expect to change as a result of the experimental manipulation.
this the variable that researchers ____________ in an experiment. MANIPULATED
is the variable that researchers __________ in an experiment and expect to change as a result of the experimental manipulation. MEASURE
Created by: L.Ariane
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