Help
Options
Question
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Why are two eyes better than one?
Remaining cards (49)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
the senses exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between sensation and perception? | sensation:The detention of physical stimuli from the environment by the sensory organs, perception: the subjective interpretation of sensory by the brain |
| Why are two eyes better than one? | enhanced depth perception,wider field of view,insurance,sensitivity to dim lighting, each eye covers the others blindsight |
| What are the differences between rods and cones? | # of rods120 million per eye, cones 6million per eye,types: cone 3types rods, 1type, detect color:rods no,cones yes, distribution:rods only in the periphery while the cones are found throughout the eye concentrate in the fovea,fine detail: rod cant c: can |
| What do the dorsal and ventral streams contribute to visual information? | Dorsal Stream ("Where" or "How" Pathway)spatial awareness, motion, and action guidance, Ventral Stream ("What" Pathway)object recognition, color, and fine details |
| What visual disorders would result if you damaged the following areas: V1, V5, V8, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, bilateral damage to lateral regions of occipital lobe. | V1Cortical Blindness or Scotomas, V5 (Middle Temporal)Akinetopsia (Motion Blindness), V8 – Cerebral Achromatopsia (Color Blindness)Temporal Lobe Visual Agnosia & Prosopagnosia, |
| achromatopsia | visual disorder in which an individual is unable to perceive colors (world appears in grayscale) causes: acquired damage to V8, can be congenital mutation |
| associative object agnosia | visual disorder in which an individual is unable to recognize objective,associate:inability to recognize an object despite having a normal perception of it |
| hemineglect/neglect syndrome | patients ignore one side of the visual world but also ignore one side of objects in their affected visual field |
| akinetopsia | inability to perceive motion |
| What is neurogenesis? | process by which new neurons (nerve cells) are formed in the brain |
| What are the 5 primary tastes? What is “flavor”? | Sweet,sour,Salty,bitter, Umami, flavor: The overall impression that we experience from the combination of nasal and oral stimulation taste, aroma, color, texture, temperature |
| What areas of the brain is gustation linked to? How about olfaction? What do these areas contribute to gustation and olfaction? | Thalamus ,Somatosensory cortex- feeling Innsula ,Orbitofrontal cortex - taste & smell meet to create flavor, Amygdala: emotional experience in eating ,hypothalamus: Hunger, monitoring food intake |
| What are the various gustation and olfaction disorders discussed? | ageusia: inability to perceive taste anosmia: inability to perceive colors |
| what is a rod/ cone | rod: functioning at low levels of light cone:color vision high visual acuity |
| What visual disorders would result if you damaged the following areas: parietal lobe, bilateral damage to lateral regions of occipital lobe. | Parietal Lobe – Optic Ataxia & Hemispatial Neglect, Bilateral Damage to Lateral Occipital Lobes – Apperceptive Visual Agnosia |
| object agnosia (apperceptive agnosia | ,apperceptive:inability to perceive the structure of an objecct or objects-these patients often cannot recognize, matchor copy simple shapes |
| How about olfaction? | Olfactory cells ↓ olfactory bulb ↙ ↘ Amygdala pyriform gyrus ↙ ↘ Ofc hypothalamus |
| What do these areas contribute to gustation and olfaction? | Both gustation and olfaction are tightly connected, especially in the orbitofrontal cortex, allowing us to perceive complex flavors and link them to emotions and memories |
| What are haptics? | Perception of fine touch and pressure |
| What is the primary somatosensory cortex and where is it located? | The main sensory receptive area of touch located in the parietal lobe of the brain |
| What does it mean for a receptor to be rapid or slow adapting? | Rapidly adapting receptors detect changes and stop responding to constant stimuli. Slowly adapting receptors provide ongoing information about continuous stimuli. |
| What factors affect sensitivity? | More receptors and more cortical area equals increased sensitivity while large receptive fields equals decreased sensitivity |
| Why can’t we tickle ourselves? | Due to predictable sensory stimulation activating different brain areas than unpredictable sensory stimulation with the anterior cerebellum activated when tickled and stronger activation in the somatosensory cortex |
| What is nociception? | is the process by which the nervous system detects and processes painful stimuli. It is a crucial mechanism for protecting the body from harm by signaling potential or actual tissue damage. |
| Explain gate control theory and the phenomena that are explained by it. | GCT revolutionized pain research by showing that pain is not just a direct response to injury but is actively modulated by the nervous system |
| What are endorphins? | Naturally occurring opiate-like chemicals that suppress pain, stimulates L cells, and inhibits pain transmission |
| What is the function of periaqueductal gray matter? | Inhibits ascending spinal cord pain signals when activated thus reduces pain |
| What is congenital analgesia? | congenital analgesia is an inherited disorder that makes you not feel/experience pain; Reason unknown, likely abnormality in the spinal cord, |
| Episodic analgesia? | Episodic analgesia is the failure to perceive pain at the time of an injury occurring because the brain can suppress the pain pathways |
| Referred pain? | referred pain is the pain felt on surface of the body that is actually due to pain in of the internal organs with neurons carrying nociception from the organs not having a unique brain pathway, |
| Fibromyalgia? | fibromyalgia is a syndrome: a person experiences long term with bodywide pain and tenderness in joints, muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues; Reason unknown, may be due to brain areas involved in pain responding differently in those with fibromyalgia, |
| Phantom limb pain? | phantom limb pain is a pain felt in a missing limb |
| What is a motor sequence? What part of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating motor sequences? | Prefrontal Cortex - Plans for movement Premotor Cortex - Organizes motor sequences (damage to premotor cortex affects the ability to coordinate movement sequences) Motor Cortex - Tells body to produce movement , Frontal Lobe:initiating motor sequences |
| What are the functions of the lateral corticospinal tract and the ventral corticospinal tract? | Lateral corticospinal tract main use is to move limbs while the ventral corticospinal tract is the middle line and muscles trunk |
| What is ataxia? | Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movements |
| How does the cerebellum control movement? Explain how the cerebellum is involved in maintaining movement accuracy. | Coordinates and learns skilled movements and balance, has a role in the timing of movement, and maintains movement accuracy |
| What role does the vestibular system play in movement and balance? | vestibular system plays a critical role in maintaining balance, spatial orientation, and coordinating movement. It helps you stay upright, steady, and oriented in space, particularly when you're moving. |
| What are the basal ganglia responsible for? | Basal ganglia is a set of nuclei that coordinates voluntary movements of the limbs and body, generating the force required for movement and/or initiates movement at appropriate time and place. |
| Describe the role of the basal ganglia in Huntington’s chorea and Parkinson’s disease. | In Huntington’s chorea there is degeneration of neurons in frontal cortex and basal ganglia while in Parkinson’s disease |
| What is the difference between hyperkinetic and hypokinetic symptoms? | Hyperkinetic symptoms are excessive involuntary movements while hypokinetic symptoms is the paucity of movements |
| Know the following movement-related disorders: Huntington’s, | Huntington’s chorea is a hereditary, chorea (ceaseless involuntary, jerky movements) and progressive dementia ending in death due to the degeneration of neurons in frontal cortex and basal ganglia, |
| Tourette Syndrome, | tourette syndrome is the hyperkinetic tics, physical and vocal exact mechanism whose cause is unknown but thought to be due to dysfunction in basal ganglia and frontal cortex with treatment being behavioral therapy and antidepressants, |
| Parkinson’s | a disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine tremors, muscular rigidity, and a reduction in voluntary movements caused by a degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra |
| phenomena that are explained by gate control theory | .explains why physical, psychological, and cognitive factors influence pain perception, leading to new treatments like cognitive-behavioral therapy and physical therapies for pain management. |
| Where is the auditory cortex? | located in the temporal lobe of the brain, specifically in the primary auditory cortex |
| How do we detect loudness and location of sounds? What are the functions of the medial superior olivary complex | Greater intensity of air pressure- louder sound, Medial Superior Olivary Complex:primarily involved in localizing sounds based on the time difference between the two ears.Lateral Superior |
| What are the functions of the lateral superior olivary complex? | Olivary Complex:localizing sounds based on the intensity difference between the two ears. |
| What does a cochlear implant do? | A small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly dead or severely hard of hearing |
| What do gustation and olfaction refer to? | to the two senses responsible for the perception of taste and smell, |
Created by:
as12
Popular Psychology sets