Help
Options
Term
Inflammation
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Term
Phase one of acute inflammation is known as
Remaining cards (70)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NURS 319 Exam 2
Chp 9 - Inflammation & Dysfunctional Wound Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Inflammation | an essential process that coordinates the protection of the body from infection |
| Phase one of acute inflammation is known as | Vascular Permeability |
| Vascular phase | Increased vascular permeability; momentary vasoconstriction |
| Phase two of acute inflammation is known as | Cellular Phase |
| Cellular phase | Cellular chemotaxis |
| Chemical mediators | substances that promote or inhibit inflammatory reactions |
| Rubor | redness |
| Calor | heat |
| Dolor | pain |
| Function laesa | loss of function |
| Fluid extravasation | fluid invading tissue |
| Purulent exudate | protein-rich pus, can be green or yellow |
| Abscess | a localized, walled-off collection of purulent exudate |
| Transudate | a watery, clear fluid with low protein (usually non-infectious) |
| Effusion | the accumulation of fluid in a body cavity |
| Chemotaxis | the movement of WBC's and platelets due to chemical signaling |
| Leukocytosis | an increase in the number of WBCs |
| Margination | WBC's lining up along the endothelium |
| Diapedesis | WBCs squeezing through walls of capillaries and releasing inflammatory mediators |
| Cytokines | small proteins secreted by WBCS that stop or promote inflammation |
| Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) | a cytokine produced by macrophages that stimulates the liver to release acute-phase proteins and triggers WBC phagocytosis |
| Interleukins | a cytokine produced by macrophages that also stimulates the liver to produce acute-phase proteins (APPs) |
| Chemokines | proteins that attract leukocytes to the endothelium |
| Leukocytes | WBCs |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | an acute-phase protein that marks foreign material for phagocytosis and activates the complement system |
| Fibrinogen | an acute-phase protein that binds to red blood cells and fixes them into stacks that precipitate |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | a lab test that looks for active inflammation in the body |
| Serum amyloid A | an acute-phase protein that is associated with chronic inflammation |
| Amyloidosis | a rare disorder in which serum amyloid A acute-phase proteins accumulate in the body and can lead to organ failure/damage |
| Hepcidin | an acute-phase protein that indicates diminished iron storage in the body when elevated |
| Granulocytes | A class of WBCs in which granules can be seen in the cytoplasm under a microscope |
| Agranulocytes | A class of WBCs in which there are no visible granules |
| Types of granulocytes | Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils |
| Types of agranulocytes | Monocytes and Lymphocytes |
| Neutrophils | a WBCs that acts as an acute first responder, initiating immediate phagocytosis |
| Phagocytosis | a respiratory burst that releases free radicals that destroy microbes |
| Neutropenia | a condition where there is a very low amount of neutrophils in the blood, often due to a chronic condition like cancer, etc. |
| Leukocytosis | an elevated number of leukocytes that occurs during cellular, chemotaxis phase |
| Leukemoid reaction | a severe elevation in leukocytes |
| Systemic response | the systemic symptoms as a result of inflammatory mediators |
| Lymphadenopathy | enlargement of lymph nodes |
| Anorexia (non- ED) | decreased appetite, a common systemic symptom of inflammation |
| Pyrogens | any substance that causes fever by activating prostaglandins |
| Prostaglandins | a type of inflammatory mediator that resets the hypothalamic temperature-regulating center and can be helpful or cause more inflammation |
| Histamine | an inflammatory mediator that is released by basophils, platelets, and mast cells and causes inflammation (allergic reactions) |
| Mast cells | a type of WBC that is located in tissues next to blood vessels and contains the richest source of histamine |
| Phospholipase | an enzyme within the phospholipid membrane that is stimulated during inflammation and breaks down phospholipids into arachidonic acid (AA) |
| Leukotrienes | an inflammatory chemical produced by WBCs that breaks arachidonic acid into good or bad prostaglandins |
| Cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) | an enzyme that breaks down arachidonic acid into helpful prostaglandins that stimulate mucus production, increased renal perfusion, and clotting |
| Platelet aggregation | congregation of platelets to form blood clots |
| Cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) | an enzyme that breaks down arachidonic acid into inflammatory prostaglandins that cause pain, fever, and swelling |
| Lipoxygenase | a type of enzyme that break down arachidonic acids into leukotrienes |
| Leukotrines | an inflammatory chemical that promotes bronchospasm and bronchial edema (wheezing) |
| Cachexia | wasting of lean body mass due to mobilization of lipids and proteins |
| Chronic inflammation | constant inflammation for weeks or months with no resolution or healing |
| Hypersensitivity disorders | a type of chronic inflammation that results from excessive activation of the immune system |
| Anthracosis | also known as black lung, a lung condition resulting from exposure to toxic coal dust |
| Atherosclerosis | a chronic disease that can damage endothelin cells overtime due to narrowing and hardening of arterial walls from fat buildup |
| Stage 1 of wound healing | Hemostasis |
| Hemostasis | the body's way of preventing bleeding (platelet aggregation) |
| Stage 2 of wound healing | Inflammation |
| Stage 3 of wound healing | Proliferation |
| Proliferation | scar formation through fibroblasts forming collagen and granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and epithelialization |
| Epithelialization | the migration of new epithelial cells to grow in area of proliferation to fill in the gap between eound edges |
| Stage 4 of wound healing | scar tissue |
| Primary Intention | a simple, rapid type of wound closure where the edges are clearly brought together with no gaps or missing tissues |
| Secondary Intention | an extensive loss of tissue and inflammation resulting in contraction, scar formation, and a gap in tissue (wound tissue) |
| Tertiary Intention | a type of wound that is missing large amounts of deep tissue, resulting in contamination and requiring a drain and may also require skin grafting due to scarring |
| Eschar | dead tissue that sheds from healthy skin |
| Debridement | the removal of necrotic tissue to promote healing |
| Reepithelialization | the growth of new tissue |
Created by:
veerkabi
Popular Nursing sets