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Step 2: Endo
Endo 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the anti-islet antibodies present in patients of Type 1 DM? | Anti-insulin (IAA), anti-islet cell cyoplasm (ICA), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), anti-tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2) |
| Symogmi affect has __________ Glc levels at 3am, and ________ Glc levels in the morning. | Low at 3am, high in the morning. (due to stress hormone release) |
| Dawn Phenomenon is when Glc is (low/high) all night. What is its cause? | high, due to not taking NPH insulin before bed |
| How do you treat Symogmi affect? | No NPH before bed, or eat a snack before bed |
| What HLAs is DM1 associated with? | DR3, DR4, DQ |
| HbA1c indicates hyperglycemia for past ____ months. It is used to monitor __________. | 3; compliance with therapy |
| Nausea and vomiting in child with no GI symptoms/no diarrhea is usually ______. | DKA |
| How do you treat gastroparesis due to diabetic neuropathy? (3 drugs) | DA agonist (metaclopramide), Bethanachol, Erythromycin (increases motility) |
| During exercise, DM1 patients should take (less/more) insulin medication. | less |
| What is the best SCREENING test for diabetes mellitus: Random glucose, Fasting glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test? | Fasting glucose |
| What is the best DEFINITIVE test for diabetes mellitus (after initial screening): Random glucose, Fasting glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test? | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test |
| Fasting glucose is taken after an ____hour fast. Reading must be over ______mg/dL, on ____ separate tests to be considered positive | 8hr fast, 126 mg/dL, 2 separate times |
| OGTT is positive if the measurement is over ______mg/dL. Test is administered _____hours after a _____g load of glucose. | 200 mg/dL, 2 hours, 75g load |
| What skin condition is often associated with DM? | aconthosis nigricans |
| True/False: if mother has gestational diabetes, the offspring will have increased risk of DM in life. | True |
| Lispro, Aspart, and Glulisine are examples of (short/long) acting insulins. | short (rapid) acting |
| Name 3 long acting insulins (~24hrs) | NPH, Glargine, Detemir |
| Early in DM2, insulin levels may be __________. | Increased |
| Most common first oral agent prescribed to diabetics is _________ | Metformin |
| If HbA1c is >7 after 3 months of Metformin in a DM2 patient, you should add ___________ or ______________. | sulfonylureas or thiazolidenidiones |
| If DM2 patient has HbA1c >8.5 in spite of metformin and other therapies, you should add ________. | insulin therapy |
| Abdominal obesity, TAGs, low HDL, raised fasting glucose, pre HTN...3 of the 5 indicate ________________. | Metabolic syndrome |
| Describe the paradoxical hyperkalemia in DKA. | K+ is pushed into ECF, but since there is no insulin, they can't enter cells. Therefore labs show hyperkalemia, but none of the K+ is in the cells. |
| Usually what Glc level is seen in DKA? | >300 mg/dL |
| Glucagon, corticosteroids, and catecholamines, along with situations that raise levels of these hormones, can cause a DM1 patient to enter a state of ___________. | Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) |
Created by:
jsad
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