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Imaging Ch.11
Imaging Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Computer | Any general purpose, stored- program electronic digital computer. |
| Hardware | The physical/visible parts of a computer that include the various input and output devices. |
| Software | The computer programs that tell the hardware what to do and how to store and manipulate data. |
| Binary Number System | The simplest number that has only two digits (0 and 1) which computers operate on. |
| Bit | In computer language, a single binary digit (0 or 1) is called a bit. |
| Byte | A group of 8 bits (computer capacity is expressed by the number of bytes that can be accommodated). |
| Megabyte (MB) | 1 million bytes. |
| Gigabyte (GB) | 1 billion bytes (used to measure the capacity of hard drives and sometimes RAM memory. |
| Terabyte (TB) | 1,024 gigabytes or approximately 1 thousand billion bytes. |
| Computer Program | Sequence of instructions developed by a software programmer (the software of the computer). |
| Operating Systems | Series of instructions that organizes the course of data through the computer to the solution of a particular problem. |
| Application Program | Those written in a higher-level language expressly to carry out some user function. (Programs that people use to get their work done - Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Canva, Adobe Photoshop). |
| Hexadecimal Number System | A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols — 0-9 and A-F — that is used to represent a set of four bits and is used by assembly level application. |
| FORTRAN | First successful programming language - short for Formula Translation, used for solving engineering and scientific problems. |
| BASIC | Stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code - algebraic programming language; easy to learn, interpreter language. |
| Visual Programming Languages | Programming language that uses graphical blocks to represent control elements and variables - more recent languages, that are under continuing development. |
| LOGO | Language that was designed for children. |
| ADA | Official language approved by the US Department of Defense for software development, principally used for military applications and AI. |
| Java | An object-oriented programming language designed specifically for programs (particularly multimedia) to be used over the Internet. Java allows programmers to create small programs or applications to enhance websites. |
| Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) | Predominant language used to create/format web pages. |
| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | "Brain of the computer" - primary element that carries out software instructions also allows computer to manipulate data. |
| Bus | An electrical conductor that a control unit, an arithmetic/ logic unit and all other components are connected by. |
| Processor | The electronic circuitry that does the actual computations and the memory that supports this together. |
| Memory | Active working storage of a computer. |
| Random Access Memory (RAM) | Data can be stored or accessed at random from anywhere in main memory in equal amounts of time regardless of where the data are located. |
| Read-only Memory (ROM) | Contains information supplied by the manufacturer, called firmware that cannot be written on or erased and is one of the factors involved in making a "clone" PC. |
| Types of secondary memory | DVD, CD, flash drive, Blue Ray disc (you can store memory on these until you need to see it). |
| File | Used to refer to a collection of data or information that is treated as a unit by the computer. |
| RAID | Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disc - data storage on magnetic disc; provides access to data in a few milliseconds. |
| Jukeboxes | A multidisc drive that can handle up to 2000 disc. |
| Output Devices | Devices that translate computer information into a form that humans can understand (most often used output device is the digital display device). |
| Soft Copy | Refers to the output seen on a digital display device. |
| Examples of output devices | Plotters, multifunction devices, digital display, printer, and audio output devices. |
| Teleradiography | Transfer of images and patient reports to remote sites. Practice in which radiologists remotely interpret images and report the results. |
| Input Hardware | Devices that translate data into a form the computer can process (keyboards, mice, trackballs, touchpads and source data entry devices). |
| Source Data-Entry Devices | Include scanners, fax machines, imaging systems, audio and video devices, electronic cameras, voice-recognition systems, sensors, and biologic input devices. |
| Audio Input Devices | Translates analog sound into digital format. |
| Voice Recognition Systems | Add a microphone and an audio sound card to a computer and can convert speech into digital format (Ex: radiologist use these to produce diagnostic reports and to send findings to remote locations). |
| Sensors | Generates electrical signals and then process them. |
| Human Biology Input Devices | Detect specific movements and characteristics of the human body. |
| Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) | A standard protocol used for blending a picture archiving and communications system and various imaging modalities. |
| Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) | Implements and speeds image processing, viewing, interpretation, storage and recall. Makes it convenient from any location. |
| Artificial Intelligence | Adaptation of computer technology to mimic the human mind and cognitive activities such as learning and problem solving. |
| Machine Learning (ML) | A computer is taught or "trained" to learn by providing it with a large collection of training data or information. |
| Deep Learning (DL) | Computer representation of the human brain in thought. |
| Quantum Computing | A computer that uses quantum mechanics to generate and manipulate quantum bits (qubits) in order to access enormous processing powers. |
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