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cosmetology
state board test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| archaeological studies reveal that hair cutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as | the ice age |
| the first culture to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion was | the egyptians |
| in 3000 bc the first recorded use of a hair-coloring agent was the use of | henna |
| to achieve a look of greater intelligence during the renaissance women | shaved their eyebrows and hairline |
| in 1938 arnold willatt developed a method of permanent waving that used waving lotion with no heat called a | cold wave |
| one of the most vital aspects of good grooming is careful maintenance of | wardrobe |
| the ability to understand people is the key to | operating effectively |
| the single most important communication tool that should be done prior to any client service is the | client consultation |
| to reiterate everything to a client during the consultation process means to | repeat in measured precise terms |
| the individual in the salon that has the most responsibility for how the salon in run in terms of daily maintenance, operations. and client service is tehe | salon manager |
| an excellent time to discuss your progress with the salon owner or your employer is during an | employee evaluation |
| material safety data sheets (msds) are obtained from | the product manufacturer |
| regulatory agencies and governmental health departments require businesses that serve the public to | follow prescribed sanitary precautions |
| one-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are | bacteria |
| pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines that resemble a string of beads are | streptococci |
| cocci are pathogenic bacteria that are what kind of shape | round |
| bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are | diplocci |
| lyme disease, syphilis, or sexually transmitted disease are caused by spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria called | spirilla |
| bacteria that are transmitted through the air and rarely show active motility are | cocci |
| the life cycle of bacteria has two distinct phases the active stage and | inactive or spore-forming stage |
| bacteria that pose little or no risk to a client in the salon setting but are dangerous in the medical setting are | anthrax and tetanus bacilli |
| a virus can live and reproduce only by | attaching to a blood borne virus and becoming part of it |
| hepatitis A, a bloodborne virus is marked by an inflammation of the | liver |
| human immunodeficiency virus is the virus that causes | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| a skin disease caused by an infestation of head lice is | pediculosis |
| the surfaces of tools or objects not completely free from dirt, oils, and microbes are covered with | contaminants |
| decontamination is a process that involves that use of | physical or chemical means to remove or destroy pathogens |
| in the salon setting, disinfection is extremely effective in controlling | microorganisms on non-living surfaces |
| a higher level of decontamination than sanitation is | disinfection |
| a chemical agent that is used to destroy bacteria and viruses on surfaces is | disinfectant |
| a manufacturer must supply pertinent safety and storage information by providing | material safety data sheets |
| the agency that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace is | osha |
| disinfectant with a high pH that can cause skin irritation or burn the skin or eyes are | phenolic disinfectants |
| to be effective in the disinfection of implements, ethyl alcohol must be no less than | 70% |
| a common household product used effectively as a disinfectant is | sodium hypochlorite |
| the first step in the decontamination process is called | sanitation |
| antiseptics are effective for cleaning your | hands |
| the agency that sets the standard for dealing with blood borne pathogens is | osha |
| the substance called protoplasm is found in | cells of all living things |
| the watery fluid that cells need for growth, reproduction, and self-repair is found in the | cytoplasm |
| a collection of similar cells that perform a specific function are | tissue |
| the ankle joint is formed by the tibia, fibula, and the | femur |
| the hindmost bone of the skull | occipital |
| the medical term used to describe the study, function, and diseases of the muscles is | myology |
| the two bones that form the upper jaw are | maxillae |
| the uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder is the | humerus |
| how many bones is the foot made up of | 26 |
| what bone is a heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee | femur |
| skeletal muscles attached to bone that are voluntary or controlled at will are | striated muscle |
| the part of the muscle that does not move is the | origin |
| pressure applied to a muscle during massage is usually directed from the | insertion to the origin |
| the broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the | epicranius |
| a muscle covering the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back that rotates and controls the swinging of the arms is the | trapezius |
| muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line are the | extensors |
| the muscles at the base of the fingers that draw fingers together are the | adductors |
| the gastrocnemius muscle is located in the | lower leg |
| every square inch of the body is supplied with fine fibers known as | nerves |
| tubelike structures that include arteries, capillaries, and veins are | blood vessels |
| a thin walled blood vessel that is less elastic than an artery is a | vein |
| the largest artery in the body is the | capillary |
| white blood cells perform the important function of destroying | disease causing microorganisms |
| endocrine glands release a secretion called | hormones |
| the largest living organ of the body is the | skin |
| healthy is slightly moist,soft, and flexible with a texture that is | smooth and fine grained |
| the outermost layer of the skin is also called teh | epidermis |
| the outermost layer of the epidermis is the | stratum corneum |
| a fiber protein that is the principal component of hair and nails is | keratin |
| the clear transparent layer under the skin surface is the | stratum lucidum |
| the underlying or inner layer of the skin is the | dermis layer |
| tissue that give smootheness and contour to the body and provides a protective cushion is | subcutaneous tissue |
| basic sensations such as touch, pain, heat, cold, and pressure are registered by | nerve endings |
| the sudoriferous glands help the body regulate | temperature |
| what substances is usually contained in a toner | oxidation tint |
| after removal of whiteheads what should you apply to the skin afterwards | an antiseptic |
| before disinfecting combs and brushes, they should be | cleaned with soap and warm water |
| what is the process used in tapering and thinning with scissors | slithering |
| the action of chemical hair relaxers causes the hair to | soften and swell |
| when should a predisposition test be performed | before every application of oxidizing tints |
| at what part of the nail does growth start | matrix |
| what is the function of sebum | to lubricate the skin |
| sterilization is the process of | destroying both harmful and beneficial bacteria |
| where should freshly laundered towels be kept | in a closed cabinet or drawer |
| the hard protective plate found at the ends of fingers and toes are | natural nails |
| the area under a healthy nail plate is what color | pinkish |
| the portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits is the | nail bed |
| the nail bed is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called | bed epithelium |
| nail cells are formed in what part of the nail structure | matirx |
| the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin is the | lunula |
| the most visible and functional part of the nail module is the | nail plate |
| the nail plate is constructed of how many layers of nail cells | 100 |
| the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the | free edge |
| the dead colorless tissue attached to the nail plate is the | cuticle |
| the living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area is the | eponychium |
| the slightly thickened layer of skin the lies underneath the free edge of the nail plate is the | hyponychium |
| tough bands of fibrous tissues that connect bones are | ligaments |
| the length, width, and curvature of nails are determined by the | matrix shape |
| in the normal adult, the average rate of nail growth is about | 1/10 inch per month |
| a healthy nail will grow provided there is no damage to the | matrix |
| replacement of the natural fingernail usually takes about | 4-6 months |
| what fingernail grows the fastest | middle finger |
| the nail has a water content between | 1 and 5 percent |
| the scientific study of hair, its diseases, and care is called | trichology |
| the two parts of the mature hair strand are the hair shaft and the | hair root |
| the tubelike depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the | follicle |
| the follicle extends downward from the epidermis, where it surrounds the | dermal papilla |
| the lowest area or part of the hair strand is the | hair bulb |
| a tiny, involuntary muscle fiber inserted in the base of the hair follicle is the | arrector pili |
| for chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must | have an alkaline ph |
| the fibrous protein core of the hair, formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment is the | cortex layer |
| hair is composed of a protein that grows from cells originating within | hair follicle |
| the process whereby living cells mature and begin their journey up the hair shaft is | keratinization |
| the medulla is composed of what shaped cells | round |
| wet healthy hair will stretch up to what percent | 50% |
| when shaping and styling hair, consider the hairs | natural growth paterns |
| dry hair and scalp can be caused by | inactive sebaceous glands |
| oily scalp and hair can be treated by properly shampooing with | normalizing shampoo |
| hair that is not pigmented and almost never has a medulla is | vellus |
| the growth stage phase where new hair is produced is | anagen |
| the average growth of healthy scalp hair is | one inch per month |
| the final or resting phase in the hair growth cycle is | telogen |
| in general the cross sections of curly hair can be | oval |
| the term used to identify abnormal hair loss is | alopecia |
| the sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is called | alopecia areata |
| two products approved by the FDA to stimulate hair growth and allowed for sale in the US | minoxidil and finasteride |
| the technical term used to describe gray hair is | canities |
| a variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair | ringed hair |
| a condition of abnormal hair growth on areas of the body is | hypertrichosis |
| the technical term used to describe beaded hair is | monilethrix |
| the medical term for dandruff | pityriasis |
| the medical term used to describe a fungal organism characterized by itching, scales, and painful circular lesions is | tinea |
| they type of fungal infection characterized by red papules at the opening of the hair follicles is | tinea capitits |
| an acute localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain is | a furuncle |
| an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci is | a carbuncle |
| the study of substances that contain carbon is referred to as | organic chemistry |
| metals, minerals, water, and air are examples of | inorganic substances |
| a basic substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance without the loss of identity is called | an element |
| substances that cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means are | atoms |
| the smallest particle of an element is | atom |
| chemically joining two or more atoms forms a | molecule |
| characteristics that do not involve chemically changing a substance are | physical properties |
| physical mixtures containing two or more different substances are | solutions, suspensions, and emulsions |
| a blended mixture of two or more liquids or a solid dissolved in a liquid is a | solution |
| a substance that dissolves another substance with no change in chemical composition is a | solvent |
| miscible liquids are liquids that can be | mixed into stable solutions |
| liquids that are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are | immiscible |
| a product that does not separate when standing and contains particles is considered to be | a solution |
| solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye are known as | suspensions |
| a mixture of two of more immiscible substances united with the aid of a binder is know as a | emulsion |
| a substance that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify is an | surfactant |
| the water-loving head of a surfacant molecule is | hydrophilic |
| ammonium hydroxide and ammonium thioglycolate are examples of products used to | raise the ph of hair |
| an atom or molecule that carries and electric charge is an | ion |
| acids owe their chemical reactivity to the | hydrogen bond |
| chemical reactions that produce heat are called | exothermic |
| the chemical reaction that combines an element or compound with oxygen to produce an oxide is | oxidation |
| the rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by heat or light is | combustion |
| when oxygen is subtracted from a substance, the chemical reaction is called | reduction |
| a substance that has a ph about 7.0 is considered to be a | alkali solution |
| a sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a moisturizing ingredient in cosmetic products is | glycerin |
| the chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent it reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized is | redox |
| electricity is described as a form of | energy |
| the flow of electricity along a conductor is called an | electric current |
| metals used in electric wiring and motors are materials that are considered good electricity | conductors |
| electric wires are usually covered with a rubber substance that is used as an insulator or | nonconductor |
| the path of electricity from the generating source through conductors and back to the original source is called | complete circuit |
| electric current that is constant even flowing and travels in one direction | direct current |
| the device that changes direct current to alternating current is an | converter |
| a rapid and interrupted current that flows in one direction then in the opposite direction is | alternating current |
| the unit that measures the pressure of force that pushes the flow of electrons through a conductor | volt |
| the unit that measures the amount of electric current is an | ampere |
| the current that is used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in | milliamperes |
| the unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second is an | watt |
| the device that prevents excessive current form passing through a circuit is an | fuse |
| a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric current at the first indication of an overload is an | circuit breaker |
| an important way of promoting electrical safety is the principle of | grounding |
| an applicator that is used for directing the electric current form the machine to the clients skin is called an | electrode |
| the positive electrode of an electrotherapy device is called an | anode |
| the negative electrode of an electrotherapy device is called an | cathode |
| the most commonly used modality that is a constant and direct current is | galvanic current |
| the process of introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current is called | iontophoresis |
| a process that forces liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole is called | anaphoresis |
| a thermal or heat producing current with a high rate of oscillation that is used for scalp and facial treatments is | tesla current |
| visible light that part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum that we can see makes up what percentage of natural sunlight | 35% |
| the long wavelengths that penetrate the deepest and produce the most heat are | infrared rays |
| to avoid damage to the eyes of a client of practitioner when using light therapy treatments the eyes should be protected with saturated cotton pads | safety goggles |
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