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BY1 Topic 1.2

Cell Organelles

QuestionAnswer
Nucleus Contain information for the functioning of the cell and hereditary material (DNA)
Nucleolus Densely staining disc in nucleus which manufactures ribosomes
Mitochondria Outer smooth membrane-fluid matrix-inner folded membrane-mitochondrial matrix. Folds are cristae, studded with minute spheres which are enzymes that produce ATP(adenosine triphosphate)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Lamellae studded with ribosomes. Site of protein synthesis. Provides transport for newly synthesised proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Site of steroid and lipid production. Contains enzymes that detoxify organic molecules. Stores calcium in muscle cells
Golgi Body Cisternae and vesicles. Synthesis, modification and storage of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
Vesicle Small membrane bound sphere containing substances to e carried around the cell. Move along microtubules (cytoskeleton of cell)
Vacuole Fluid filled sac containing cell sap (sugars, mineral salts, enzymes and waste substances). Plant cells have large permanent central vacuoles which control cell shape and volume while animal cells have smaller ones.
Centriole Involved in cell division when they generate spindle fibres responsible for pulling apart the chromosomes. Consists of 9 triplets of microtubules.
Chloroplast Site of photo synthesis. Thykaloids contain light-capturing pigments (chlorophyll) Thylakoids stacked in grana and surrounded by stroma. Also within the cell: starch grains, loop of DNA, lipid droplets, ribosomes.
Cell Wall Provides rigidity and structure. Contains cellulose. Cells held together by middle lamella - "glue-like" pectic substances (pectin)
Created by: 1260102202
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