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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Science and technology are… | related to one another, but not the same thing. |
| In a scientific experiment, a control is… | a test that duplicates an experimental test except for one variable and a way to study the effects of just one experimental variable. |
| If experimental findings are not reproducible,… | the results are not considered valid. |
| If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer, its speed reading would increase each second by about… | 10 m/s |
| The scientific method is a method for… | gaining new knowledge |
| The synthesis of a large collection of info that contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific… | theory |
| A scientific hypothesis may turn out to be right or it may turn out to be wrong. If it is a valid hypothesis, there must be a test for proving it… | wrong |
| A kilogram is a measure of an object’s… | mass |
| Most natural phenomena we wonder about… | involve several scientific disciplines |
| In science, an educated guess is a… | hypothesis |
| Where as Aristotle relied on login in explaining nature, Galileo relied on… | experiment |
| What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/hr for 10 s? | 0 m/s2 |
| The statement, “there are regions beneath Earth’s crust that will always be beyond the reach of scientific investigation,” is a… | speculation |
| Using science to analyze nature… | adds depth to our understanding and therefore adds to our appreciation of nature. |
| A 1-kg mass at Earth’s surface weighs about… | 10 N |
| Science, art, and religion do not contradict one another because… | all three have different domains |
| Which force binds atoms together to form molecules? | Electrical |
| Which statement is correct? a. Current flows through a circuit b. Voltage flows through a circuit c. Resistance is established across a circuit d. Current causes voltage | a. Current flows through a circuit |
| The force on an electron moving in a magnetic field will be the largest when its direction is.. | Perpendicular to the magnetic field direction |
| Thrust a magnet into a coil of wire and the coil | a. Becomes an electromagnet b. Has a current in it |
| Voltage can be induced in a wire by… | a. Changing the current in a nearby wire b. Moving a magnet near the wire c. Moving the wire near a magnet |
| If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do… | Twice as much work |
| If you exert 1 N for a distance of 1 m in 1 s, you will deliver a power of… | 1 W |
| An object is raised above the ground gaining a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is raised twice as high, it gains… | Twice as much potential energy. |
| A flower pot of mass m falls from rest to the ground below, a distance h. Which statement is correct? | The KE of the pot when it hits the ground is proportional to h. |
| Thermal energy is a measure of vibrational and… | a. Translational kinetic energy b. Rotational kinetic energy |
| The direction of a gravitational field is… | In the same direction of gravitational attraction |
| When the distance between two stars decreases by half, the force between them… | Increases to four times as much |
| Consider a huge rotating cloud of particles in space that gravitate together to form an increasingly dense ball. As the cloud shrinks in size, it rotates… | Faster |
| An ampere is a unit of electrical… | Current |
| A main difference between gravitational and electrical forces is that electrical forces… | Repel or attract |
| To say that electric charge is conserved means that no case has ever been found where… | Net charge has been created or destroyed |
| As more lamps are put into a series circuit, the overall current in the power source… | Decreases |
| Which has greater kinetic energy, a car traveling at 30 km/h or a car of half that mass traveling at 60 km/h? | The 60-km/h car |
| According to Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the | Greater the gravitational force between them |
| The source of all magnetism is | Moving electric charge |
| Charge carriers in a metal are electrons rather than protons because electrons are | Loosely bound |
| Moving electric charges will interact with | a. An electric field b. A magnetic field |
| Magnetic domains normally occur in | Iron |
| When the distance between two charges is halved, the electrical force between the charges | Quadruples |
| An earth satellite is simply a projectile freely falling around the earth true or false | True |
| If you do work on an object in half the time, your power output is | Twice the usual power output |
| The headlights, radio, and defroster fan in an automobile are connected in | Parallel |
| An object that has kinetic energy must be | Moving |
| Electrons are made to flow in a wire when there is | A potential difference across its ends |
| A proton and an electron are placed in an electric field. Which undergoes the greater acceleration? | The electron |
| The solar system consists of objects | Gravitationally bound to the sun |
| The electrical forces between charges depends on the | a. Separation distance between electric charges b. Magnitude of electric charges |
| The vibrations of a transverse wave move in a direction… | At right angles to the direction of wave travel |
| The main difference between a radio wave and a light wave is its | |
| Relative to radio waves, the velocity of visible light waves in a vacuum is | The same Radio waves and light are both electromagnetic waves and have identical speed, 3 x 108 meters/second. |
| Which of these electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength? a. Lightwaves b. Infrared waves c. X rays d. Radio waves e. u/v waves | c. X rays |
| The Richter scale measures an earthquake’s | Magnitude |
| The richter scale measures the | Amount that the ground shakes during an earthquake |
| The source of all wave motion is a | Vibrating object |
| Which of the following is not a transverse wave? a. Radio b. Sound c. Light | b. Sound |
| The vibrations of a longitudinal wave move in a direction | Along the direction of wave travel |
| Wave interference occurs for | a. Water waves b. Sound waves c. Light waves |
| Sound travels faster in | Steel |
| Sound waves cannot travel in | A vacuum |
| Electromagnetic waves consist of | Vibrating electric and magnetic fields |
| Relative to U/V waves, the wavelength of infrared waves is | Longer |
| The source of all electromagnetic waves is | Vibrating charges |
| Refraction of sound can occur in.. | a. Water b. Air |
| The Mercalli scale measures the… | Damage done by an earthquake |
| The movement of water in a wave travels… | In a circular path at and just below the water surface |
| In a swell, wavelength is constant. As a swell nears the shore and touches bottom, the wavelength | Shortens, wave speed slows, and wave height increases |
| For light, a red shift indicated the light source moves | Away from you |
| A sound source of high frequency emits high | Pitch |
| Compressions and rarefactions are characteristic of | Longitudinal waves |
| Most of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of visible light true or false | false |
| In designing a music hall, an acoustical engineer deals mainly with | Wave interference |
| Light behaves primarily as a particle when it | Interacts with matter |
| wave is a | Primary wave |
| A sound wave is a | Longitudinal wave |
| The photoelectric effect best demonstrates the | Particle nature of light |
| Water interference occurs for | a. Water waves b. Sound waves c. Light waves |
| Tsunami are caused usually by | Earthquakes in subduction zone |
| Earthquake p-waves | Are longitudinal vibrations similar to sound waves |
| The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its | Protons |
| Energy released by the Sun results from the process wherein atomic nuclei | Combine |
| Why are the inner planets rocky? | They are formed from materials with high melting points |
| The planet that is most tipped to its orbital plane is | Uranus |
| A black hole is | The remains of a giant collapsed star |
| The temperature of a star is evidenced by its | Color |
| A pulsar is likely a | Spinning neutron star |
| Evidence for the Big Bang is the | a. Long wavelength radiation that permeates the universe b. Slowing down of galaxies as they recede |
| The difference between apparent brightness and luminosity is that | Luminosity is a good indicator of the energy output of a star |
| A blue star is _______ than a red star. | Hotter |
| Red giants are stars that | Are large but have low surface temperatures |
| Radiometric dating is based on | Proportions of radioactive isotopes and their decay products |
| To date the age of old rocks, which parent isotopes are most useful? a. Uranium-235 and uranium-238 b. Lead-207 and lead-206 c. Potassium-40 to argon-40 | a. Uranium-235 and uranium-238 |
| The atomic mass number of an element is the same as the number of its | Nucleons |
| Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of | Neutrons |
| Uranium-235, uranium-238, and uranium-239 are different | Isotopes |
| Between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, radioactive by-products are more characteristic of nuclear | Fission |
| Which of the following isotopes is radioactive? a. Carbon-14 b. Carbon-12 | a. Carbon-14 |
| Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its | Instability |
| The predominant gas in the atmosphere of mars is | Carbon dioxide |
| Compared to the sum of the masses of all the individual nucleons in their separate states that make up a nucleus, the mass, of the composite nucleus is | Less |
| The planet with a size most like earths is | Venus |
| The hersprung-russel diagram, an important tool of astronomers, relates stellar temperature to stellar | Brightness |
| Stars on the main sequence of the hertzprung-russell diagram | Generate energy by fusing hydrogen to helium |
| The Oort cloud is like the Kuiper Belt in that it | Has the same geometric shape |
| If you wished to date a rock thought to be many millions of years of old, which of the following would be the least useful? | Carbon-14 method |
| White dwarfs are stars that | Are small but have high surface temperatures |
| An atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is | An ion |
| The end result of radioactive decay can be a different | a. Element b. Atom c. Isotope |
| Asteroids that are most likely to fall to earth with devastating impact are asteroids of the | Inner solar system |
| Compared to the density of water, the density of Saturn is | Less |
| A nucleon has more potential energy with respect to a nucleus when it is | Outside the nucleus |
| The fact that one side of the moon always faces earth is evidence that while revolving about the earth it | Rotates about its axis |
| In both fission and fusion, mass | Is changed to the form of kinetic energy |
| Thermonuclear fusion occurs mainly in the | Cores of stars |
| The nebular theory is based upon the observation that the solar system | Is highly ordered, indicating it formed in a step-wise manner from physical processes. |
| After our sun burns its supply of hydrogen, it will become a | Red giant |
| Compared to the mass of a uranium nucleus before splitting, the pieces it splits into have | Less mass |
| Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to | Push it apart |
| Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contains | Organic material |
| Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to | Push it apart |
| The hertsprung-russell diagram, an important tool of astronomers, relates stellar temperature to stellar | brightness |
| How many electrons are in the outermost shell oh phosphorus (P, atomic number 15)? | 5 |
| How do DNA and RNA differ? | a. RNA uses a different sugar from DNA b. RNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil (U) in place of thymine (T) d. RNA is single-stranded rather than double-stranded |
| The Mohorovicic discontinuity marks the change in rock density between the | Mantle and the crustal surface |
| Continental crust is very buoyant compared with oceanic crust because continental crust is | Predominantly composed of granite rocks, whereas oceanic crust is composed of basaltic rocks. |
| A mineral that is not a silicate is | Calcite |
| The basic building block of all silicate minerals is the | Silicate tetrahedron |
| Minerals that have strong bonds between flat crystal surfaces tend to | Show poor cleavage |
| Some_____rock is formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water | Sedimentary |
| Erosion is | Transportation of rock particles via water wind or ice |
| Limestone may be made up of | Shell fragments from marine animals |
| Rocks altered by heat and pressure beneath earth’s surface are | Metamorphic rocks |
| If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is | Helium |
| Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second element in the period table. Rather than being placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium is placed on the far right of the table because | Helium is most similar to other group 18 elements |
| How might you distinguish a sodium-vapor street lamp from a mercury-vapor street lamp? | Look at the street lamps through a spectroscope and match their spectral patterns to their respective atomic spectra |
| When a gas is changed to a liquid phase, the gas | Releases energy |
| Generally speaking, where are metals found in the period table? | On the left side and through the central portion |
| Oxygen atoms are used to make water molecules. Does this mean that oxygen, O2, and water, H2O, have similar properties? | No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they’re made |
| If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the reslt is | Neon |
| The lithosphere includes | a. Continental and oceanic crust b. The crust and the upper part of the mantle c. Part of the mantle and the crust |
| The outer electrons of metal atoms differ from the outer electrons of nonmetal atoms in that the outer electrons of metals | a. Are loosely held b. Can conduct electricity c. Reflect many frequencies of light |
| The core of Earth is probably composed of | Iron and nickel |
| The mantle is composed of | Iron-rich silicate rocks |
| In terms of the periodic table, is there an abrupt or gradual change between ionic and covalent bonds? | There is a gradual change: the farther apart, the more ionic |
| Earth’s magnetic field is attributed to the | Flow of molten fluid in earth’s outer core |
| What is the difference between a compound and a mixture? | The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together |
| The neon atom tends NOT to gain any additional electrons because | There is no more room available in its outermost occupied shell |
| If DNA is described as resembling a ladder in structure, the “sides” of the ladder consist of_____and the “rungs” of the ladder consist of _____. | Sugar and phosphate; nitrogenous bases |
| Is the air in your house a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture? | Heterogeneous because of the dust particles it contains |
| What elements tend to form ionic compounds? | Elements found on opposite sides of the periodic table |
| What type of chemical bond would you expect between two chlorine atoms (Cl, atomic number 17)? | Nonpolar covalent |
| In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balances by an equal number of | Orbital electrons |
| Earth’s layer with the most plastic-like behavior is the | Mantle |
| The upper mantle can be divided into 2 zones, the | Asthenosphere in the lower upper mantle and part of the lithosphere in the upper part of the upper mantle |
| The layered appearance of foliated metamorphic rock is due to the | Realignment of minerals so that they are perpendicular to compressive forces |
| One strand of DNA has the sequence CAGTC. The opposite has the sequence | GTCAG |
| What type of chemical bond would you expect between a calcium atom (Ca, atomic number 20) and a chlorine atom (Cl, atomic number 17)? | Ionic |
| Covalent and ionic bonds differ in that | Ionic bonds don’t involve the sharing of electrons |
| Both nitrogen and phosphorus are able to attract three more electrons to their outer shells because | a. These electrons are able to pair with unpaired valence electrons b. The nuclear charge attracts them c. There are 3 more spaces available in their outermost shells |
| What makes an element distinct? | The number of protons |
| The theory of plate tectonics states that | The lithosphere is broken up into several plates that move about as a result of convective motion in the asthenosphere |
| Convergent boundaries are | a. Regions of plate collision b. Areas of plate subduction c. Regions of great mountain building |
| The principal cause of erosion and transportation of sediment in a desert environment is | Water |
| Land subsidence is generally not reversible because | The compacted clay layers cannot be expanded |
| A moraine is a | Glacier deposit |
| If the composition of the atmosphere changed so that less terrestrial radiation was allowed to escape, earth would experience | Higher average temperatures |
| The atmosphere is divided into several layers. The troposphere is the | Lowest layer and the thinnest layer, where earth’s weather occurs |
| The layers of earth’s atmosphere, from top to bottom, are the | Exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere |
| Which is a major influence on atmospheric circulation? | b. The unequal solar heating of earth c. The distribution of continents and oceans d. The major topographic features on the continents e. The Coriolis effect |
| When a cold air mass moves into a region occupied by a warm air mass, the contact zone is called | A cold front |
| According to the theory of seafloor spreading, molten rock is rising up along | The mid-ocean ridges |
| Transform faults are areas of crustal | Accommodation and plate movement |
| 13. Which of the following is not involved in cave formation in limestone? a. Land subsidence b. Dissolution of carbonate rocks c. Mildly acidic ground water | a. Land subsidence |
| Deltas form as | Streams enter a standing body of water |
| As rock is weathered it breaks down and erodes. Sedimentation begins where erosion stops. Erosion is | Transportation of rock particles via water wind or ice |
| The greenhouse effect gets its name from the florist’s greenhouse, where glass prevents reradiated solar energy from escaping. Glass is transparent to visible waves, and opaque to UV and infrared. Glass acts as a sort of one-way valve allowing | Visible light to enter, and preventing longer waves from leaving |
| A glacier forms when | Snow accumulates to form ice and the ice mass begins to flow under its own weight |
| The typical mountain valley that has been subjected to glaciation is shaped like | The letter “U” |
| A drop in barometric pressure is an indication of | An approaching cold front |
| The greenhouse effect is due to the atmosphere’s effect on earth’s heat balance. Solar radiation consists of waves principally in the | UV, visible light, and short-wavelength infrared range |
| Mountains tend to form in long narrow ranges because | Mountains are the result of plate convergence—plates coming together |
| Most mountains are caused by | Compressive forces |
| Lower temperatures can be expected | Behind an advancing cold front |
| Fault-block mountains are produced by | Tensional forces and movement of sections of rock along fault planes |
| A rock that is readily attacked by chemical weathering is | Limestone |
| Irregularities in earth’s surface influence wind patterns. At night, winds blow from a region | b. Above land toward the ocean c. Of high pressure to a region of lower pressure |
| Alfred Wegener supported his theory of continental drift by | Making a connection between the rocks, rock structures, and plant and animal fossils in both Africa and south America |
| Divergent boundaries are areas of | Tensional forces that stretch the crust and generate a spreading center. |
| Which of the following are not produced by streams? | Moraines |
| The theory of seafloor spreading is supported by | Paleomagnetic analysis of the ocean’s floor |
| The relationship between a leech and the animal it feeds off of is an example of | a. Parasitism c. Symbiosis |
| During ecological succession, | a. The activities of earlier waves of colonizers cause nutrients and organic matter to accumulate in a habitat, allowing later colonizers to thrive b. Biodiversity often increases over time |
| A dense canopy of trees, a little leaf litter, and poor soil characterizes | Tropical forests |
| Almost all of earth’s supply of energy comes from | The sun |
| Which trophic level do plant-eating antelope belong to | Primary consumers |
| Fungi that consume dead organic matter are | Decomposers |
| The total set of biotic and abiotic resources a species uses within a community is its | Niche |
| Which trophic level do meat-eating lions belong to? | Secondary consumers |
| On average, what percent of the energy at one trophic level becomes available at the next trophic level? | 10% |
| Wind is generated in response to | a. Temperature difference only b. The unequal heating of eath’s surface only c. Pressure differences only |
| Carbon moves from the abiotic world to the biotic world when | Plants build glucose during photosynthesis |
| Oceanic phytoplankton are found in the | Photic zone |
| The fact that the flow of energy through an ecosystem resembles a pyramid explains why | There is more grass than zebras, and more zebras than lions on the African savanna |
| When an Egyptian plover clean the teeth of a crocodile, we see an example of | Mutualism |
| All the organisms that live in a given area, plus all the abiotic features of their environment, make up a(n) | Ecosystem |
| Fertile soils are found n | Deserts and temperate grasslands |
| Permanently frozen subsoil characterizes | Tundra |
| The reactants in the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis are | Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight |
| Biodiversity is believed to be greatest when a habitat experiences | Regular disturbances that are not too extreme |
| The primary driving force of earth’s weather is | Solar radiation |
| A population of beetles in which some individuals are blue and some individuals are green evolves by change because more alleles of one color are transmitted to the next generation than alleles of the other color. This mechanism of evolution is known as | Genetic drift |
| The scientific name of a species | a. Is always Latinized c. Consists of two parts, the genus name and the species name |
| Bacteria can possess any of the following traits except | Mitochondria |
| An example of an autotrophic protist is | Kelp |
| 5. _____ anchor plants to the ground and _____ are the site of the bulk of photosynthesis. | Roots; leaves |
| Of the following organisms, which is most closely related to an octopus? | Clams |
| All the following traits are heritable in humans except a. Hair length b. Shape of lips c. Hair color d. Eye color | Hair length |
| Each of the following are adaptations related to acquiring mates except a. The erratic flight of the Painted Lady butterfly b. Deer antlers c. Large size and strength in male elephant seals d. The male peacock’s brilliant feathers | The erratic flight of the Painted Lady butterfly |
| Natural selection may favor traits that help organisms | a. Survive b. Acquire mates c. Successfully raise offspring |
| If the females of a species of songbird prefer to mate with more brightly colored males, and you know this trait is heritable, you would expect | a. Sexual selection to occur b. Directional selection towards brighter coloration |
| Whichregardingbiogeographyisfalse?Islands tendtobeoccupiedbymanylandanimals,butfewornoflyingonesNewworldtropicalforestsandoldworldforestsareoccupiedbydifferentsetsoflivingorganismsClosely-relatedspeciestendtobefoundclosetogetherIslandspeciesareoftenmostcl | a. Islands tend to be occupied by many land animals, but few or no flying ones |
| An example of artificial selection is the | Breeding of corn from teosinte |
| The three domains of life are | Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya |
| If lungfishes and salamanders are more closely related to each other than either is to salmon, then a cladistics classification should classify | Lungfishes and salamanders together to the exclusion of salmon |
| Archaea may be any of the following except | Eukaryotes |
| Animals that have only a single body opening that serves as both mouth and anus include | Cnidarians and flatworms |
| Humans are | Heterotrophs |
| Fungi | Include both unicellular and multicellular forms |
| All the following traits of polar bears help them retain heat in a cold environment except | A high surface area to volume ratio |
| A swim bladder is found in | Ray-finned fishes |
| 21. Under a cladistics classification system, organisms are grouped together based on their | Evolutionary history |
| Which of the following statements about peppered moths is false? | |
| ______are endotherms, and _____are extotherms | Birds; lizards |
| If we compare closely related rabbit species in tropical and arctic environments, we would expect the tropical species to be _____ in size and to have _____legs. | Smaller; longer |
| Which of the following lists of Linnaean levels of classification is correctly ordered from largest to smallest? a. Phylum, class, order, species, genus b. Phylum, order, class, species c.Kingdom, phylum, domain, genus d.Kingdom, class, family, ge | Kingdom, class, family, genus |
| Suggest why people once washed their hands with ashes. | The ashes act as a base and reacts with skin oils to produce solutions of soap. |
| A pH of 7 signifies | A neutral solution |
| The yeast is bread dough feeds on sugar to produce carbon dioxide. Why does the dough rise faster in a warmer area? | There is a greater number of effective collisions among reacting molecules |
| Why is heat often added to chemical reactions performed in the laboratory? | a. To allow a greater number of reactants to pass over the activation energy b. To compensate for the natural tendency of energy to disperse c. To increase the rate at which reactant collide |
| Energy is required to break apart a chemical bond to overcome | Electrical forces of attraction |
| The difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction is that an exothermic reaction | has energy as a product and an endothermic reaction has energy as a reactant |
| To say a chemical equation is balanced means the | number of times each element appears as a reactant is equal to the number of times it appears as a product |
| During which of the following processes is most ATP generated? a. electron transport b. glycolysis c. Krebs cycle d. fermentation | a. electron transport |
| During glycolysis, | sugar is split, and ATP is generated |
| Nucleic acids | store genetic information in living organisms |
| One difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that | prokaryotic cells have existed on earth far longer than eukaryotic cells |
| All of the following are eukaryotes except a. baker’s yeast b. hyenas c. orchids d. Escherichia coli, an occupant of the human digestive tract | Escherichia coli, an occupant of the human digestive tract |
| a prokaryotic cell could potentially have | a cell wall |
| The organelles that conduct photosynthesis in plant cells are | chloroplasts |
| What form of transport across the cell membrane does not require energy, but does require a carrier protein? | facilitated diffusion |
| The sodium—potassium pump provides an example of | active transport |
| Water moves in and out of cells through | diffusion |
| In the process of osmosis, | water diffuses from an area with a high concentration of water molecules to an area with a low concentration of water molecules b. water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
| During which stage of the cell cycle does a cell divide? | mitosis |
| If an organism’s diploid cells have 40 chromosomes, then its haploid cells have | 20 chromosomes |
| Codons that signal that there are no more amino acids in a protein are | stop codons |
| Allofthefollowingstatementsregardingmeiosisaretrueexceptitoccursinallcellsinthehumanbodyitproduceshaploidcellsitisaformofcelldivisioninwhichoneparentcelldividesultimatelyintofourdaughtercellsitisimportantforallowingchromosomestoexchangecorrespondingpartsw | a. it occurs in all cells in the human body |
| Which about genetic mutations is false? genetic mutations are the ultimate source of all genetic variation, and so they provide the raw materials for evolution and natural selection genetic mutations in egg or sperm cells are particularly significant in | genetic mutations are always harmful |
| A mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another is called a | point mutation |
| Which would produce a frameshift mutation? the deletion of a single nucleotide in a gene—coding sequence the insertion of a single nucleotide in a gene—coding sequence the replacement of one nucleotide with another in a gene—coding sequence | the deletion of a single nucleotide in a gene—coding sequence b. the insertion of a single nucleotide in a gene—coding sequence |
| is more likely to develop in older people or people who have been exposed to mutagenes (mutation-causing agents). | cancer |
| The heart is an example of | an organ |
| Neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to muscle cells or to other responsive organs are called | motor neurons |
| Blood in the left ventricle of the heart will be pumped to | arteries going to body tissues |
| From which blood vessels are materials exchanged between blood and body tissues? | capillaries |
| blood flowing back to the heart travels in | veins |
| Carbon dioxide moves from the bloodstream to the alveoli through the process of | diffusion |
| Which of the following structures are involved in moving air in and out of the lungs? a. muscles between the ribs b. the diaphragm c. the epiglottis d. both a and b | . muscles between the ribs b. the diaphragm |
| A highly acidic mix of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes is added to food in the | stomach |
| From the glomerulus, ____moves into ____. | the filtrate; Bowman’s capsule |
| Which occurs in the loop of Henle?molecules thebodywantstogetridofaretransportedfromthebloodintothefiltrate molecules the body wants to keep are transported from the filtrate to the blood blood pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries water reabsor | water reabsorption occurs |
| Urine flows from the bladder out of the body through the | urethra |
| A difference between the innate immune system and the acquired immune system is | b. the innate immune system response is immediate, whereas the acquired immune response is delayed, peaking about 3 to 5 days after exposure |
| 39. During the inflammatory response, | damaged tissues release histamines b. fluid leaks from capillaries, causing swelling |
| 40. The cells that allow the immune system to respond more quickly to an antigen when it is encountered again later in life are called | a. memory cells |
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