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Patient Assessment
Breath Sounds/Patterns
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Vesicular BS | Normal; low pitch soft sounds, "whispering, rustling of leaves"; inspiration longer than expiration, heard over lung periphery |
Bronchial BS | Normal; loud, high pitch, hollowing sounding; Expiration longer than inspiration w/ short pause; heard over upper sternum (monubrium) bc of the right/left main stem |
Bronchovesicular BS | Muted sound, with pause between inspiration and expiration, both are roughly the same length; heard over sternum between scapulae and rt. apex |
Tracheal BS | Hard, high pitch sounds; expiration longer than inspiration |
Harsh BS | Normal breath sounds louder than normal |
Diminished BS | Normal breath sounds quieter than normal |
Abnormal BS | Hearing 'normal' breath sounds in areas, in which, are not appropriate. |
Adventitious BS | Crackles, wheezes, rhonchi, pleural rub, stridor |
Continuous BS | wheezes, rhonchi, stridor |
Discontinuous BS | Crackles |
Wheezes | High pitched, can either be monophonic (tumor, foreign object) or polyphonic (asthma) |
Rhonchi | Low pitched, sounds like snoring, usually because of secretions |
Stridor | heard over trachea durning inspiration, obstruction of trachea/larynx |
Crackles | Low pitched, inspiration and expiration, coarse crackles dealing with secretions in larger airways, fine crackles = atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema |
Kussmal's Breathing | Deep and rapid; caused by ketoacidosis, diabetic coma |
Biot's Breathing | Very irregular breathing with periods of apnea; caused be a rise in intercranial pressure |
Cheyne-Stoke's Breathing | Gradual increase, gradual decrease followed with apnea; caused by CNS depression, CHF |
Apneustic Breathing | Prolonged inspiration, regular expiration; caused by brain injury |
Paradoxical Breathing | Chest depresses on inspiration, expiration chest puffs; caused by chest injury |
Asthmatic Breathing | Prolonged expiration, regular inspiration |
Tactile Fremitus; increased | Something inside the lung; secretions, tumor, pneumonia, |
Tactile Fremitus; decreased | Something outside the lung; pnuemothorax, pleural effusion |