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Adv. Biology - 21
Chapter 21: Evidence for Evolution REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As oysters evolved, their shells became... | Flatter |
| David Lack's contradiction of Darwin's observations on the Galapagos Islands was due to... | Seasonal Variation |
| Ancestral link between whales and hoofed animals... | Mesonychids |
| Dating rocks/fossils according to their position with respect to one another... | Relative Dating |
| Method used in the time of Darwin to date fossils | Relative Dating |
| Dating rocks/fossils according to the degree of radioactive decay | Absolute Dating |
| Earliest known member of the horse family... | Hyracotherium |
| Fossil transition between dinosaurs to today's birds... | Archaeopteryx |
| One of the best-studied cases in the fossil record... | Horses |
| Preserved remains of once living things | Fossils |
| Study of the formation and early development of living organisms | Embryology |
| Study of the geographic distribution of species | Biogeography |
| Study of the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life | Molecular biology |
| Change in the inheritance of traits of a population of organisms with successive adaptations | Evolution |
| Study of the structure of living things | Anatomy |
| Study of the functions and processes of living organisms | Physiology |
| (T/F) Presence of gill slits and a tail in an embryo indicates its future as a fish | F |
| (T/F) The forelimbs of mammals are an example of Analogous structures | F |
| (T/F) The fossil record provides clear record of major evolutionary transitions that have occurred over time. | T |
| (T/F) The fact that many forms of aquatic animals look alike even though they had diverse ancestors can be attributed to convergent evolution. | T |
| (T/F) There are 28 species of Galapagos finches | F |
| (T/F) Gould collected 31 specimens of birds from the Galapagos Islands and identified them as finches | F |
| (T/F) The Grants studied the behavior of medium ground finches | T |
| (T/F) Kettlewell captured and released peppered moths to study the population numbers of dark and light varieties | T |
| (T/F) Humans have a vestigial structure - the vermiform (tailbone) is vestigial of a tail. | F |
| (T/F) Artificial selection is the change in species imposed in a laboratory environment | T |
| (T/F) Artificial selection has led to unintentional selection for some traits like the "silver fox" | F |
| Process responsible for most of the major evolutionary changes that have occurred through time | Natural Selection |
| Responsible for a variety of evolutionary changes in industrialized areas | Pollution |
| ___ Changes may lead to natural selection favoring new traits in a species | Environmental |
| Evolutionary process in which darker individuals are predominant | Industrial Melanism |
| Specimen studied and used as the primary example of industrial melanism | Peppered moth |
| Favorite test subject to show the results of artificial selection | Drosophilia Melanogaster |
| Fossils of many ___ species have never been discovered. | Extinct |
| The evolution of the major ___ groups is quite well known | Vertebrate |
| Darwin's finches have different ____ which are adaptations to different dietary needs. | Beaks |
| Dark-colored moths are the result of ___ natural selection | Rapid |
| Several indirect lines of evidence (homologous structures, developmental patterns, etc) argue that ____ has occurred. | Macroevolution |
| The process of ___ occurs very rarely, as in nature many factors work against the preservation of organisms | Fossilization |
| There is an estimated ____ species to have existed on earth from the beginning of life on earth until today. | 500 million |
| Scientists who study fossils | Paleontologists |
| The first horses were no bigger than ___, with some considerably smaller. | Canines |
| The feet of modern horses have ____ toe(s). | One |
| Through time, horse teeth have ____ greatly in length and have developed ridge patterns. | Increased |
| All of the changes that have occurred in the genus Equus may be understood as adaptations to changing... | Global climates |
| ___ became widespread in North America, where much of horse evolution occurred. | Grasslands |
| The first horses were... | Forest dwellers |
| Darwin visited the _____, located ff the coast of Ecuador. | Galapagos Islands |
| Upon Darwin's return to England, ____ (studies birds) John Gould examined the Darwin's bird specimens to determine what species they were. | Ornithologist |
| The ____ between the beaks of the 13 finch species and their food source immediately suggested they were shaped by evolution | Correspondence |
| Suggested that peppered forms of the peppered moth were more visible to predators and less likely to be found in great numbers | Tutt |
| The experimental study with ___ demonstrates the ability of artificial selection to rapidly produce major change in crop plants | Corn |
| ____ often leads to rapid and substantial results over short periods of time | Artificial selection |
| Comparisons of the anatomy of different living animals often reveal evidence of shared ___ | Ancestry |
| Selection which tends to favor changes that make two groups more alike | Convergent (parallel) evolution |
| Give birth to immature offspring which finish the developmental process within their mother's "pouch" | Marsupials |
| Give live, full-developed birth | Placentals |
| Structures similar in function but not necessarily in structure | Analogous structures |
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