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PedsNumbers
Peds Numbers Barry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oral airway sizes: | Preterm –000,00 Neo <3months-0 3-12 months-1 1-5yrs - 2 > 5yrs - 3 |
| ETT sizes for premies: | Less than 2 gm - 2.5 Over 2 gm - 3.0 |
| ETT sizes for neonates: | 3.0-3.5 |
| ETT size for 0-6 months: | 3.5 |
| ETT size for 6-12 months: | 4.0 |
| ETT sizes for 12-18 months: | 4.0-4.5 |
| ETT size for 2 yr: | 4.5 |
| ETT sizes for 2-3 yrs: | 4.5-5.0 |
| ETT size for 4 yr olds and over: | Age + 16 / 4 OR Kg + 35 / 10 |
| Depth of insertion of ETT for children based on weight up to 4 kg: | 1 kg - 7 cm 2 kg - 8 cm 3 kg - 9 cm 4 kg - 10 cm |
| For a child from 4 kg up to 1 yr ETT should be how deep? | 10 cm |
| Depth of insertion of ETT based on age greater than one yr? | Age / 2 + 12 |
| Depth of insertion of ETT based on internal diameter of ETT? | Internal diameter X 3 |
| Where do you want your pediatric ETT to leak? | 20-25 cm H2O |
| You should change to a smaller ETT when it leaks above what number? | 30 cm H2O |
| Leaving in an ETT that didn't leak until over 30 cm H2O can cause what? | Post extubation croup. |
| Change to a larger ETT when you have a leak at less than what number? | 15 cm H2O |
| Cuffed tubes are rarely needed at less than what age? | 8-10. |
| When using cuffed tube, how does your size determination change? | You reduce your size by 0.5 |
| What Miller sizes for what ages? | Miller 0 - preterm, neonate Miller 1 - neonate-age2 Miller 2 - 3 and older |
| LMA sizes for what kilograms? | 1 - less than 5 kg 1.5 - 5-10 2 - 6.5-25 2.5 - 20-30 3 - 25-small adult 4 - large adult |
| Reservoir bag sizes for what ages? | Newborn - 0.5L 1-3 yrs - 1L 3-5 yrs - 2L Over 5 - 3L |
| IV catheter sizes for what ages? | 24 g neonates, 22 g 1-5 yrs, 20 g over 5. |
| Size of infusion bag should not exceed: | Patient's estimated fluid deficit. |
| Microdrip set with volume limited device is mandatory for what ages? | Under 10. |
| What's an ideal pediatric anesthesia breathing system? | Low dead space Low resistance Lightweight and compact Low compression volume Easily humidified Easily scavenged Suitable for both controlled ans spontaneous ventilation Economy of fresh gas flow |
| What's the most commonly used breathing system in infants? | Mapleson D. |
| Bain circuit is: | A Mapleson D with fresh gas flow tubing inside corrugated breathing tube. |
| For traditional mask induction, what percentage of gases? | 30% O2, 70% N2O. |
| For single breath induction, what percentage Halothane or Sevoflurane? | 5% or 8 %. |
| What nerve stimulates laryngospasm (sensory)? | Superior laryngeal nerve. |
| Risk factors for laryngospasm? | AGE EXTUBATION AIRWAY URI LIGHT ANESTHESIA |
| How can you tell if laryngospasm is partial or complete? | Presence of sound: Yes - incomplete airway obstruction No - laryngospasm! |
| Preventative measures against laryngospasm: | Extubate in stage 3 or 1 Stretch the larynx with jaw thrust Suction while deep |
| Ketamine pediatric induction dose: | 2 mg/kg IV - 4-8 mg/kg IM |
| Diprivan pediatric induction dose: | 2.5 - 3.5 mg/kg |
| Intubating doses of sux: | 2mg/kg infants |
| What's the most commonly used breathing system in infants? | Mapleson D. |
| Bain circuit is: | A Mapleson D with fresh gas flow tubing inside corrugated breathing tube. |
| For traditional mask induction, what percentage of gases? | 30% O2, 70% N2O. |
| For single breath induction, what percentage Halothane or Sevoflurane? | 5% or 8 %. |
| What nerve stimulates laryngospasm (sensory)? | Superior laryngeal nerve. |
| Risk factors for laryngospasm? | AGE EXTUBATION AIRWAY URI LIGHT ANESTHESIA |
| How can you tell if laryngospasm is partial or complete? | Presence of sound: Yes - incomplete airway obstruction No - laryngospasm! |
| Preventative measures against laryngospasm: | Extubate in stage 3 or 1 Stretch the larynx with jaw thrust Suction while deep |
| Ketamine pediatric induction dose: | 2 mg/kg IV - 4-8 mg/kg IM |
| Diprivan pediatric induction dose: | 2.5 - 3.5 mg/kg |
| Intubating doses of sux: | 2mg/kg infants 1mg/kg older kids 2mg/kg IM |
| Intubating dose of roc: | Rocuronium - 0.6 mg/kg |
| Fentanyl for pediatric surgery: | FENTANYL- 1-2 UQ/KG SUPPLEMENT OR MAJOR 5 UQ/KG & INFUSION 2-4 UQ/KG/HR |
| “Sundown sign of Imminent Awakening" | Contraction of the rectus muscle of the eye causing the eyeball to look downward toward the toes. |
| What could be the cause of a blue but well ventilated child? | PFO |
| What's the treatment for a blue but well ventilated child with a PFO? | 100% O2 & it will resolve. |
| Etiology of child with PFO turning blue on emergence? | Emergence will cause increase in increase in PVR leading to R to L shunt- cyanosis. |
| What approximate percentage of exhaled agent do you NEVER want to extubate at? | 0.15-2% |
| Criteria for awake extubation: | Grimacing using eyebrows and forehead, opens eyes Spontaneous eye movement Purposeful movement, reaching for endotracheal tube Opens mouth with oral suction |
| You can assess the adequacy of your fluid replacement by urine output, which should be... | 1-2 ml/kg/hr. |
| EBV for various ages: | Preterm - 90-100 Term - 80-90 3mo-1yr - 70-80 Child - 70 Obese - 60-65 |
| For infants and neonates a sudden drop in BP = | Sudden drop in volume (blood loss). |
| What can you replace 1 mL of blood with? | - 3 mL of crystalloid - 1 mL of colloid - 1 mL of whole blood - .5 mL of PRBC |
| What is the crit of PRBC? | 75% |
| How much PRBC to give (formula)? | PRBCs (ml) = [(blood loss –ABL) x desired Hct] ÷ Hct of PRBCs (75%) |
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