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L1 Mech Of Disease
Definition and scope of Pathology
| Question | Short answer | Long answer |
|---|---|---|
| Pathology | The scientific study of disease | Includes knowledge and understanding of structural, functional, genetic and biochemical changes in disease. Ultimate goal is to identify causes of disease to enable prevention of disease |
| Disease | a condition in which some structural, functional, biochemical or genetic abnormailty of the body causes a loss of normal health (dis-ease) | synonymous with ill health and illness |
| Experimental Pathology | Observation of effects of manipulations on experimental systems | Aimed at defining specific cellular and molecular abnormalities responsible for abnormal states.Carried out in University Departments, Research Institutions and Departments Of Pathology. |
| Diagnosis | The act of identifying a disease in an individual patient. | determination of the nature of the disease process |
| The process of diagnosis involves: | * Taking a clinical history to document symptoms. * Examining the patient for clinical signs. * Performing investigations guided by provisional diagnosis based on signs and symptoms. | Which: organ/body system is affected? general category of disease is present? *Use age, gender, previous medical Hx etc to deduce Dx or small # of possibilities for investigation. *Only perform investigations if outcome can resolve Dx or influence mgmnt |
| Diagnostic Pathology / Laboratory Medicine | Identifies characteristic alterations or abnormalities that specifically identify particular diseases. | Thus identifies molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for that disease. |
| Therapy | Treatment. | Once an exact diagnosis has been established, correct and effective therapy can be prescribed. Rational therapy is directed at the control or elimination of the mechanisms responsible for the disease. |
| morbidity | the amount of ill health produced by disease | the amount of illness that is experienced by the community |
| Anatomic Pathology / Morbid Anatomy | Gross or macroscopic pathology | The study of the alterations and organisation of cells, tissues and organs which are associated with disease. |
| Histopathology | The investigation and diagnosis of disease from the examination of tissues at the microscopic level. | (blank) |
| Cytopathology | The study of cells which may be abnormal | Investigates and diagnoses disease from the examination of isolated cells. |
| Chemical Pathology / Clinical Pathology | Studying disease at the molecular level. | The study of biochemical alterations associated with disease. Often evident in body fluids eg. blood, plasma, urine. Cross-sectional analysis of the cause and mechanisms of the disease, and the effect of the disease upon organs and systems of the body. |
| Veterinary Pathology | Branch of pathology concerned with diseases in animals | (blank) |
| Forensic pathology | Branch of pathology concerned with the application of medical knowledge to legal problems eg cause of death, crime. | interaction between law and medicine |
| Haematology | Study of disorders of the cellular and coagulable components of blood | (blank) |
| Immunology | Study of the specific defence mechanisms of the body | (blank) |
| Microbiology | The study of infectious diseases and the organisms responsible for them | (blank) |
| Oncology | Study of tumours | (= new growths, cancer) |
| pathos | suffering, that which inspires pity, eg like people with illness or disease. | (blank) |
| logos | lecture, logic, study | (blank) |
| Toxicology | The study of the effects of known or suspected poisons | (blank) |
| General Pathology | Current understanding of the causation, mechanisms and characteristics of the major categories of disease. | (blank) |
| Systematic Pathology | Current knowledge of specific diseases as they affect individual organs or systems | (blank) |
| List the chief characteristics that apply to any disease | incidence, aetiology, pathogenesis, pathological and clinical features, complications and sequelae, prognosis, treatment | (blank) |
| Autopsy | Necropsy, Postmortem examination | (blank) |
| Autopsies are useful for: | - determining the cause of death. - audit of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. - education of undergraduates and postgraduates. - research into the causes and mechanisms of disease. - gathering accurate statistics about disease incidence | (blank) |
Created by:
skiwi
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