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oceanographpy
oceanography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is ocean water | its a mixture of gasesand solids dissolved in pure water |
| what does salinity mean | It is the term used to describe the amount of salt in the ocean water |
| what are the most common gasses in ocean water | nitrogen,carbon dioxide,oxygen |
| what are the three ocean zones | intertidal, nerictic, and open-ocean zone |
| what are three major groups of ocean life | plankton, nekton, and benthos |
| define intertidal zone | this zone is from the hide tide line and the low tide line. it presents a hard life for its organisms due to its constant changes and they have to be able to live without water for lenghty periods of time |
| define neritic zone | this zone starts at the low tide line and reaches out to the edge of the contetial shelf. It also extends to 200 meters in depth. A large rang of organisms live in this zone.this zone is also very favorable for life, a fairly even temperature, a nice, low |
| define open-ocean zone | due to its depths the bottom of this zone is not penetrated by light, which means there are not plants. |
| why is deep see fishing unsucessful. | Too expensive and requires big nd vigorus equipment to catch anything. |
| how much salt does a cubic foot of sea water contain | about 2.2 lbs |
| one cubic foot of lake water contains? | .01 lbs |
| sea water is about___times saltier than lake water | 220 |
| one source of salt in sea water | dissolved rocks |
| one source of salt in sea water | solid material |
| one source of salt in sea water | gaseous material |
| one source of salt in sea water | dissolved sedements |
| one source of salt in sea water | mountains wearing down |
| what is the solution for sea water | mineral salts and decayed biologic matter |
| two reasons oceans are saltier than rivers | natural influences, result of evaporation |
| are seas saltier today then millions of years ago | yes |
| percent of earth covered by ocean | 71 |
| how many chemical elements found in sea water | 85 out of 90 chemicals are in the ocean |
| once sunken to the floor, do elements have an effect on the sea | yes, when it sinks it can become a solid |
| mollusks | extract calcium from sea to help build their shells |
| crustaceans | use calcium salts to build their bodies |
| coral | use limestone |
| diatoms | require silica to form their shells |
| sponges and seaweed | they use iodine |
| what removes salt from the sea | nothing |
| california current | cold |
| canary current | cold |
| gulf stream | warm |
| kurioshio current | warm |
| east austrailia current | warm |
| benguela current | cold |
| brazil current | warm |
| peru current | cold |
| antartic circumpolar current | cold |
| north hemisphere currents flow | clockwise |
| south hemisphere currents flow | counter clockwise |
| three basic movements of the ocean | up down movements of waves, steady movement of ocean currents, the rise and fall of tides |
| four characteristics of a wave | crest, trough, wave height , wave length |
| a swell is | very big shallow waves |
| under toe is | a wave that pulls you under |
| tsunami | usually caused by earthqakes or volcanoes, a huge wave |
| whats a current | basically a river in the ocean |
| what are surface waves caused by | wind patterns |
| what are deep currents caused by | water densecity difference |
| how far do surface currents range | several hundre meters |
| what are tides | they are the regular rise and fall of ocean water caused by the gravitaional attraction among the earth, moon, and sun |
| what is the description of the ocean floor called | bathymetry |
| what is a shoreline | where a continent meets the ocean bordering it |
| what is it called when the area under the edge of the continent meets the ocean floor | continental margin |
| what does a continental margin consist of | a contental shelf, slope, and rise |
| what is a contental shelf | its the somewhat flat part with shallow water on top |
| what is found on the contental shelf | oil and minerals, and gas |
| how deep is it after the contental shelf | after the shelf it plunges steeply for 4 to 5 kilometers |
| what is it called at the plunge | the contental shelf |
| what seperates the continental slope from the rest is called | the continental rise |
| what is a continental rise made of | large amounts of sedements |
| what is a turbidity current | it is a flow of water that carries large amounts of sedements |
| what is a submarine canyon | they are v shaped valeys that have been cut in rock. |
| what is a an abyssal plain | large flat areas on the ocean floor |
| what is a seamount | an underwater volcanic mountain |
| what is a guyot | its a a flat toped seamount caused by wave errosion |
| what is a trenche | they are the deepest part of the ocean floor. they are long narrow crevises. |
| where are mid ocean ridges | a continuos belt that extends from the artic ocean down through the middle of the alantic ocean around africa into the indian, then to the pacific north to north america. in the alantic ocean it is called the mid-atlantic ridge. in the pacific its called |
| what are mid ocean ridges | they are areas where molten material flows to the surface where it cools down to form a new crust. |
| what is a coral reef | it is the limestone structures that contain the shells of animals |
| what are the three types of coral reefs | frinning reefs, barrier reefs, and an atoll |
| what is a fringeing reef | its a reef that is is still touching the shore of a volcanic island usually less than 30 meters wide |
| what are barrier reefs | they are reefs that are seperated from the shore by an area of shallow water called a lagoon. barrier reefs are larger than fringing reefs and their islands have usually sunken in more. |
| what is an atoll | an atoll is a ring of coral reefs, its found farther out in the ocean and has been worn away and sunk beneath the surface of the ocean. |
| what is ocean life mainly affected by | the amount of penetrateing sunlight, the temperature of the water and the water pressure. |
| what is plankton | it is an organism that floats near or at the surface of the ocean, they live in depths of 1 meter to 200 meters. many forms of plankton are microscopic. |
| what is nekton | they are forms of ocean life that swim. like wales, seals, dolphins, squid, octopusses,and other fishes. nekton are able to catch pray and evade predators due to their skill of swimming. nekton are at all levels of the ocean. |
| what are benthos | they are animals such as barnicales, oyesters, crabs and etc. these are organisms that live on the ocean floor. |
| how can you map the ocean floor | by echo sounding, radar sonar, and seismographic surveys |
| what is a thermocline | A layer in a large body of water, such as a lake, that sharply separates regions differing in temperature, so that the temperature gradient across the layer is abrupt. |
| oceanographer | The exploration and scientific study of the ocean and its phenomena. Also called oceanology. |
| bathyal zone | the steep descent of the seabed from the continental shelf to the abyssal zone |
| abyssal zone | relating to ocean depths from 2000 to 5000 meters |
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