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Emergency MR
McGraw-Hill Emergency Medical Responder 2nd Edition Ch.31
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Meninges | 3 layers of connective tissue coverings that surround the brain and spinal cord |
| Forms the delicate inner layer that clings gently to the brain and spinal cord, contains many blood vessels. | Pia mater |
| Arachnoid | The middle meningeal layer with delicate fibers resembling a spider's web, contains a few blood vessels. |
| The tough, durable, outermost layer that clings to the inner surface of the cranium. | Dura mater |
| The brainstem includes | The midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata |
| A part of the brainstem that connects parts of the brain with one another by means of tracts and influences respiration. | Pons |
| Midbrain | A part of the brainstem that acts as a relay for auditory and visual impulses. |
| A part of the brainstem that extends from the pons and is continuous with the upper portion of the spinal cord, is involved in the regulation of heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, coughing, swallowing, and vomiting | Medulla oblongata |
| Motor nerves | Nerves that carry responses from the brain and spinal cord, stimulating a muscle or organ. |
| Nerves that send signals to the brain about the activities of the different parts of the body relative to their surroundings. | Sensory nerves |
| Peripheral nervous system | Consists of all the nervous tissue found outside the brain and spinal cord, made up of 2 divisions Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary). |
| A traumatic insult to the head that may result in injury to soft tissue, bony structures, and/or the brain. | Head injury |
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) | Occurs when an external force to the head causes the brain to move within the skull or the force causes the skull to break and directly injures the brain. |
| The outermost part of the head | Scalp |
| Basilar skull fracture | A fracture at the base of the skull (near the neck). |
| A buildup of blood in the chamber of the eye. | Hyphema |
| Blowout fracture | Cracks or breaks in the facial bones that make up the orbit of the eye. |
| A traumatic brain injury that results in a temporary loss of function in some or all of the brain. | Concussion |
| Cerebral contusion | A brain injury in which brain tissue is bruised and damaged in a local area. |
| The loss of movement and sensation of the lower half of the body from the waist down. | Paraplegia |
| Quadriplegia | The loss of movement and sensation in both arms, both legs, and the parts of the body below an area of injury to the spinal cord. |
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Jimmyc
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