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Location of the Heart
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Sternum
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EKG Class 4, 5 6
Anatomy-Physiology-Conduction-Cardiac Cell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Location of the Heart | Left of the sternum |
| Sternum | Bone in center of chest |
| Heart size | A fist |
| Ribs are attached to? | The sternum |
| What side does heart point to? | Left |
| Function of ribs | Protects the internal organs |
| Xiphoid Process | Cartilage at the end of sternum |
| Diaphragm | Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity |
| Function of Thoracic cavity | Protects lungs and heart |
| Function of Abdominal cavity | Protects all other organs below |
| Clavicles | Collar bones |
| Heart is made up of how many layers? | Three |
| Layers of the heart | Endocardium, Myocardium, Pericardium |
| Endocardium | Inside layer |
| Myocardium | Middle layer |
| Pericardium | Outer layer |
| What is the heart muscle? | Myocardium |
| Function of the Pericardial sac | Prevents friction of the pericardial sac and pericardium |
| Heart has how many chambers | Four |
| First chamber of heart | Right Atrium |
| Second chamber | Left Atrium |
| Third chamber | Right Ventricle |
| Fourth chamber | Left Ventricle |
| Location of Interatrial septum | Between the Atria |
| Location of Interventricular septum | Between right & left ventricle |
| What divides the chamber vertically? | Septum |
| Valves | Keep blood moving in the right direction |
| Semilunar valves | Send blood out of the heart |
| Pulmonic valve | Sends blood out of the heart to the lungs |
| Aortic valve | Sends blood out of the heart thru' the aorta to entire body |
| Semilunar valves | Pulmonary & Aorta |
| AV valves | Atrial ventricular valves |
| Atrial ventricular valves | Sends blood from the atriums to the ventricles |
| AV valves | Tricuspid & Mitral |
| Tricuspid valve | Sends blood from the R atrium to the R ventricle |
| Mitral valve | Sends blood from the L atrium to the L ventricle |
| Veins | Carry unoxygenated blood to the heart |
| Arteries | Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart |
| Two main veins | Superior & Inferior vena cavae |
| Superior vena cava | Carry unoxygenated blood from the upper portions of body to the heart |
| Inferior vena cava | Carry unoxygenated blood from the lower portions of body to the heart |
| Exception veins | Pulmonary veins |
| Arteries | Carry oxygenated blood to the heart |
| Exception arteries | Pulmonary arteries |
| Exception Pulmonary arteries | Carry UNOXYGENATED blood from the right ventricle to the lungs |
| Exception Pulmonary veins | Carry OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the heart |
| Largest artery | AORTA |
| Aorta function | Carry oxygenated blood to the entire body |
| Aorta | Largest artery |
| Coronary Arteries | First vessels off the Aorta |
| Right coronary artery | Supplies oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart |
| Left coronary artery | Pumps out the blood to the whole side of the heart muscle |
| Branches of left coronary artery | Left anterior descending & Circumflex arteries |
| Left main portion of left coronary artery | Window maker |
| Blockage to left main portion of left coronary artery causes | MI & cardiac death |
| Circumflex artery function | Supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral & posterior walls of the heart |
| Chordae tendineae location | Attached to both tricuspid & Mitral valves |
| Chordae tendineae function | Open and close valves when atriums are full |
| Aveoli | Sacs in the lungs where un-oxygenated blood picks up oxygen |
| Low Pressure pump | Right Heart pumping unoxygenated blood to lungs thru' right atrium & right ventricle |
| High Pressure pump | Left Heart pumping oxygenated blood out to the body thru' left atrium & left ventricle |
| Normal blood pressure values | 120/80 |
| cardiac cycle takes 0.8 sec = | 1 heart beat |
| Systole | When ventricles contract and send blood thru' body |
| Diastole | When the contraction ends and the valves relax |
| SA node | Sinoatrial node |
| Sinoatrial node function | Initiates heart beat |
| Pacemaker | SA node |
| SA node location | Right atrium |
| Internodal Pathways | Bachman's bundle |
| Internodal Pathways function | Causes atria to contract |
| Origin of internodal pathways | SA node |
| Atrioventricular node | AV node |
| Atrial contraction | Firing of SA node=>Internodal Pathways=>AV node |
| Impulse pauses at | AV node |
| Bundle of HIS | Starts deporalization of ventricles |
| Right Bundle of HIS | Stimulates Right ventricle |
| Left Bundle of HIS | Stimulates Left ventricle |
| Bundle of HIS branches | Anterior & Posterior fascicles |
| Anterior fascicle | Stimulates front wall of left ventricles & Superior wall of left ventricle |
| Posterior fascicle | Stimulates back wall of left ventricle & Inferior portion of left ventricle |
| Purkinje fibers | Stimulates the Apex |
| APEX | Tip of heart |
| Papillary muscles hold | Chordae tendineae |
| Chordae tendineae anchors | Tricuspid & Mitral valves |
| Atrial Contraction consists of: | SA node, AV node & internodal Pathways |
| AV node is the: | Relay electrical station between Atria & Ventricles |
| Ventrical Contraction consists of: | Bundle of HIS, Bundle Branches, & Purkinje fibers |
| Endocardium function | Membrane that lines cavities of heart wall and forms part of heart valves made of endocardial tissue |
| Cardiac cells location | Myocardium |
| # of cells in the myocardium | Three |
| Cardiac cells | Electrical,Intercollated disc & Myocardial cells |
| Electrical cells function | Backup system to the SA node |
| Intercollated disc function (specialized cells) | Allows for conductivity from cell=>cell |
| Myocardial cells are: | Muscle cells |
| Properties of Electrical cells | Automaticity, Excitability & Conductivity |
| Automaticity | Ability to generate an impulse |
| Excitability | Ability to respond to impulse |
| Conductivity | Ability to produce or transfer an impulse from cell=>cell |
| Two important cells for electrical conduction | |
| Repolarization | Resting phase |
| Depolarization | Contraction phase |
| Sodium = | Positive ion |
| Potassium | Negative ion |
| Myocardial cells properties | Contractility & Extensibility |
| Contractility | Ability to lengthen & shorten |
| Extensibility | Ability to stretch |
| Starts depolarization (contraction) | Bundle of HIS |
| Muscular layer | Myocardium |
| Three leaflet valve | Tricuspid |
| Study of heart | Cardiology |
| Upper chamber | Atrium |
| Electrocardiogram | EKG |
| Cartilage at end of rib cage | Xiphoid Process |
| Active stage | Depolarization |
| Between left atrium & Ventricle | Mitral valve |
| Largest artery | Aorta |
| Vessel to lungs | Pulmonary artery |
| Electrical system | Conduction |
| Wall between right and left side | Septum |
| Picked up in lungs | Oxygen |
| Repolarization | Rest |
| Middle of chest | Sternum |
| Leaftlet | Cusp |
| End of atrial contraction | Internal pathways |
| Spreads impulse to R atrium & L atrium | Internal pathways |
| Begins ventricle contraction | Bundle of His |
| Ends ventricle contraction | Purkinje fibers |
Created by:
Moshort
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